A Statistical Discourse of the Climate of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

The study aimed at investigating the climate of the Niger Delta Region (NDR) of Nigeria. This is to ascertain the variations in rainfall and temperature in the Niger Delta Region. The study utilized the ex-post facto research design. The study utilized the annual rainfall and temperature time series data from 1925 – 2018 periods. That was generated from the archive of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) Ts 4.03 using Google earth. The grided points of 5ox5o high resolution of thirty-two (32) CRU Ts 4.03 stations were utilized for the study. In order to analyse the data on rainfall and temperature the descriptive statistical techniques were employed. While testing the formulated hypotheses, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to decide the significant difference in stations, additionally the Turkey Test was utilized to decide were the difference in the mean lies, while the Mann-Kendell Trend Test was used to determine the upward and downward trends in rainfall and temperature. Thus, the study revealed that the mean distribution of rainfall and temperature in the Niger Delta region for the past ninety-four (94) years showed a downward and upward trend with a mean of 2238.3mm and 26.7oC in rainfall and temperature respectively. While, the highest and lowest rainfall (2600.7mm and 1854mm), was recorded in 1955 and 1984 which indicates an increase of 746.7mm. The highest and lowest temperature (27.4oC and 25.9oC) was recorded in 2017, 1976 and 1977 respectively which indicate a rise of 1.5oC. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a statistically significant variation in rainfall in the Niger

Materials Management and Productivity of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria: A canonical Correlation Approach

In this paper, the effect of material management on productivity level of fast moving consumer products enterprises in Nigeria was assessed. The survey design was employed and questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection designed via two material management dimensions (raw materials and work-in- progress) and productivity dimensions (material efficiency and yield). Questionnaire were administered to three hundred and seven (307) respondents and data obtained were analyzed using Canonical correlation. Results of canonical correlation analysis revealed that the combination of material efficiency and yield (productivity proxies) had a statistically significant relationship on sets of material management being measured by raw material and work-in-progress. The study concludes that improvement in material management will increase the productivity of FMCG companies in Nigeria. Given the results of the study, improvements in material management is needed such that material requisition and conversion units should ensure that required materials for production of goods are those put into the production process in order to realize efficiency of production and superior yield of finished goods by fast moving consumer products organizations. In addition, fast moving products companies should ensure maintenance of optimum level of material resources in its store room and reduce unhealthy practice in material usage that are pivotal to reducing productivity.

Effects of Petroleum Exploitation on Spatial Pattern of Agricultural Production in Udu Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Land and associated resources are crucial factors of agricultural production; hence, continuous petroleum exploitation activities cause an imbalance in the ecosystem and subsequently on agriculture. Against this background, this study examines the effects of petroleum exploitation on spatial pattern of agricultural production in Udu Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The primary source is a sample of 320 farmers chosen at random from two settlements selected from and outside Abura (OML 65) oil producing field. The questionnaire covered social and demographic characteristics of farmers and effects of petroleum exploitation on distance to farms, number, sizes of farms and output. Descriptive statistics and the pair-wise Student‟s t-test were used to analysed data collected for the study. The study reveals that petroleum exploitation resulted in increased distance to farms, reduced farm number and sizes and decreased agricultural output. There were significant differences in distance to farms (t= 1.000, df=9, p<0.05), farm sizes (t =1.000, df=9; p<0.05) and agricultural output (t=0.578, df=9, p<0.05) of the two settlements selected from and outside oil producing field. Impact evaluation of petroleum exploitation activities is recommended for sustainable development of agriculture in the study area.

Repositioning the Victim in Victimology through Theory: The Concentric Model

This work examines the inadequacies of the current victimological and criminological theories for not giving the rightful focus to the victim as their subject matter. The two predominant strands of current theorizing, ‘native’ and adapted perspectives were questioned for blaming the victim for his victimization or attributing his predicament to socio – structural variables, instead of the crime perpetrator. The legal status of the victim is not considered by both perspectives: hence, the paper proposes a concentric model, which seeks to restore the victim to his rightful place within the criminal justice system. The victim is appropriately portrayed as an inactive player in crime causation, who is at the receiving end of the activities of outlaws. New concepts, ‘former normal’, ‘victim status’ and ‘victimal’ state are introduced to properly capture the ‘alterative’ harm offenders inflict on their victims, some of which many never recover from. It attempts a reconstruction of the process of victimization, and with the aid of two empirical case studies, demonstrates the possibility of discovering the pattern of offender victimization through mass studies of crime victimization data. Results from the studies can be used to formulate strategies to halt crime and break the cycle of victimization. The model holds great promise for research and policy on prevention of victimization and victim support and treatment in the criminal, or any alternative justice system.

Climate Change Vulnerability on the Inhabitants of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State

The study examines the level of climate change vulnerability on the inhabitants of Yenagoa, and determine the adaptation strategies in the area. Temperature and rainfall data were obtained from the archive of Global Precipitation Climatological Centre (GPCC) and Nigeria Meteorological Agency Satellite for Yenagoa for 62 years (1958 to 2019. Also, 400 copies of questionnaire were administered. The result showed high level vulnerability of climate change that has precipitated sea level rise, flooding, rise in temperature. Thus, leading to decline in farmland, food insecurity, headers farmers’ crisis, reduction in forest resources, growth and development of crops and increase in pest and diseases. It has also impacted the educational system negatively such as disruption in the educational system, closure of schools, lateness to school, relocation of students, destruction of bridges, and road accident and irregular traffic flows. Other are low patronage in recreation and tourism, low turnout for outdoor games, and destruction of tourism facilities. Others a rereduction in income, high cost of living, reduction in gross domestic product (GDP). The study therefore posited climate insurance, promotion of alternatives farming practices, carbon sequestration, green city green roof approach amongst others as the adaptation strategies