A Statistical Discourse of the Climate of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
M Odigwe ◽  
S. I. Efe ◽  
A. O. Atubi
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The study aimed at investigating the climate of the Niger Delta Region (NDR) of Nigeria. This is to ascertain the variations in rainfall and temperature in the Niger Delta Region. The study utilized the ex-post facto research design. The study utilized the annual rainfall and temperature time series data from 1925 – 2018 periods. That was generated from the archive of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) Ts 4.03 using Google earth. The grided points of 5ox5o high resolution of thirty-two (32) CRU Ts 4.03 stations were utilized for the study. In order to analyse the data on rainfall and temperature the descriptive statistical techniques were employed. While testing the formulated hypotheses, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to decide the significant difference in stations, additionally the Turkey Test was utilized to decide were the difference in the mean lies, while the Mann-Kendell Trend Test was used to determine the upward and downward trends in rainfall and temperature. Thus, the study revealed that the mean distribution of rainfall and temperature in the Niger Delta region for the past ninety-four (94) years showed a downward and upward trend with a mean of 2238.3mm and 26.7oC in rainfall and temperature respectively. While, the highest and lowest rainfall (2600.7mm and 1854mm), was recorded in 1955 and 1984 which indicates an increase of 746.7mm. The highest and lowest temperature (27.4oC and 25.9oC) was recorded in 2017, 1976 and 1977 respectively which indicate a rise of 1.5oC. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a statistically significant variation in rainfall in the Niger

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties, total hydrocarbon content, and trace metals of water and sediments from major River Estuaries within the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
Godwin Asukwo Ebong ◽  
Richard Christopher John
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Water Channels ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Water and sediment samples from Cross River, Imo River, and Qua Iboe River Estuaries were collected and treated using standard analytical procedures. The samples were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, total hydrocarbon content (THC), and trace metals. Results obtained revealed that, the mean levels of total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, colour, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), THC, cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in water were higher than their acceptable limits in Nigeria. Whereas, the mean levels water pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, and copper (Cu) were within their acceptable limits. The results obtained also revealed that, the mean levels of nitrate, THC, and Fe in sediments were higher than their recommended limits. While the levels of pH, EC, sulphate, phosphate, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediments were within their recommended limits. This study indicated that the anthropogenic activities by oil and oil-related companies within the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria may have contributed significantly to the high level of toxic substances in the water channels within the zone. The results obtained revealed that, the direct or indirect exposure to untreated water from the studied water channels may result in serious health challenges. Hence, the environment should be closely monitored to forestall a devastating situation in the region.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Militancy Activities on Students Enrollment in Niger Delta: Implications for Adult and Vocational Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Gloria Olori ◽  
Dorida Oyigbo ◽  
Iheanyichukwu Ozurumba ◽  
Christian Olori ◽  
Judith Ugwuoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Poor Academic Performance ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

With the continuous decline on students' enrollment in adult and vocational education in Niger Delta region, this study sets to analyse the effect of militancy activities and its impact on educational development. It adopted the ex post facto type of the descriptive research. The sample of 347 students was used to respond to the data collecting instrument. Based on the analysis, the existence of poor synergy between teacher and students and scanty population were notable as the effects of the insurgency. Further analysis showed that students’ poor academic performance, high illiteracy level and increase in youth restiveness were found to have highly impacted on the educational development.

scholarly journals Iko River estuary: Oil exploration and the microbial community shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 025-032
Author(s):  
Augustine A. Unimke ◽  
Abiye A. Ibiene ◽  
Phillip O. Okerentugba
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Community Shift ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The continuous input of petroleum-based and other industrial pollutants along with heightened navigational activities in the inland and coastal waters of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has contributed tremendously towards petroleum pollution of the aquatic environment. Standard analytical methods were employed in sample collection and analysis. The results showed the mean values of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria [THB] for tidal water 1.44±0.20 (x107), 1.42±0.62 (x107)and 1.82±0.61 (x107)for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively, while the mean values for CUB 1.06±0.12 (x106), 1.30±0.54 (x106) and 1.28±0.46 (x106) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. Similarly, the mean values for Total Fungi (TF) and Crude oil-Utilizing Fungi (CUF) were 1.08±0.12 (x106), 1.12±0.21 (x106), 1.18±0.20 (x106) and 8.2±0.78 (x104), 9.2±0.20 (x104), 8.8±0.26 (x104) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. For intertidal water, the mean values obtained for upstream, midstream and downstream were 1.24±0.82 (x107), 1.77±0.57 (x107) and 1.40±0.32 (x107) for THB, 1.08±0.92 (x106), 1.08±0.22 (x106) and1.13±0.21 (x106) for CUB, 1.00±0.60 (x107), 1.26±0.30 (x106) and 1.11±0.18 (x106) for Total fungi [TF] and 7.2±0.81 (x104), 9.6±0.4 (x104), 9.0±0.27 (x104) for CUF). While the values for benthic sediment were 1.55±0.38 (x108), 1.68±0.32 (x108), 2.24±0.34 (x108) for THB, 1.14±0.32 (x107), 1.24±0.88 (x107), 1.48±0.90 (x107) for CUB, 1.12±0.31 (x107), 1.20±0.52 (x107), 1.40±0.16 (x107) for TF and 8.2±0.12 (x105), 6.2±0.43 (x105), 1.01±0.12 (x106) for CUF. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the mean values of each physicochemical parameter across the different microhabitats and stations. This result revealed the massive impacts of anthropogenic gradients on the biology and physicochemistry of Iko River estuary.

A forensic study of unnatural death in an oil-rich city in niger delta region of nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Uchendu J O ◽  
Ijomone E A ◽  
Nwachokor F N
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

Objectives: The study is aimed at assessing the profile of unnatural death in an oil-rich city in Niger Delta region. Method: This is a descriptive retrospective study of all homicidal, accidental and suicidal deaths examined forensically at theCentral hospital mortuary, Warri from January 2003 to December 2016. Results: Unatural death accounted for 802( 82.5% ) of all medicolegal cases examined within the study period. Homicidal, accidental and suicidal deaths accounted for 541(67.5%),(247) 29.7% and 14(1.1%)respectively of the unnatural deaths. A total of 713(88.9%) males and  89(11.1%)  females were encountered , giving a male-female ratio(MFR)of  8:1. The mean age of the victims is 32.7 years with the peak occurring in the 3rd decade.The most commonly used  weapon for homicidal death is firearms, accounting for 374(69.1%)  of cases. Accidental death result mainly from RTA, drowning, burns and electrocution whichrespectivelyaccounted  for 142(57.5%) 34(13.8%)26(10.5%)  and 19(7.7%) of the cases; and with a MFR of 6:1. 14 cases of suicides were encountered during the study involving 11 males and 3 females,  giving a MFR of 7:2. Conclusion: The causes of unnatural death are mainly preventable.The resultant premature death, affecting mainly males of productive age is a great source of concern. There is need for the government, the community and individuals to contribute their quotas in reversing this ugly trend.

scholarly journals Analysis of Effectiveness of Amnesty Program as a Response Tool in Containment of the Impact of “Cult Related” Activities in Niger Delta Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ngozi Rodney Nwaogu ◽  
Vincent Weli ◽  
Mbee Daniel Mbee
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
T Test ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Impact

Background of Study: Cult related activities such as inter and intra cult clashes have been prevalent in communities in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The clashes which are violent in nature are carried out by youths who belong to one cult group or the other. The clashes occur when members of a cult group attack members of another or other cult groups or invade a community in order to take control of an area and the proceeds accruing from crude oil exploitation and exploration by multi- national oil companies. Among the major cult groups perpetrating the violent acts include Deybam, Deywell, Iceland and Greenland. Due to the violent clashes many lives have been lost, properties destroyed, women raped, residents displaced, houses burnt and residents kidnapped/abducted. These affected socio-economic activities and livelihood means of the people.  Materials and Methods: This research analyzes the effectiveness of amnesty program as a response tool in mitigating cult related activities in Niger Delta region. Specifically, the study examines the magnitude of cult impact, relationship between frequency of cult attacks and fatalities, and examines the impact of cult activities before and after the amnesty. Adopting Cross- sectional research resign and using data chiefly collected from Nigerian Police, a total of 36 communities were purposively selected from 2 States in Niger Delta where amnesty was offered in 2016. The data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation and T-test statistical analysis. Results: Pearson’s correlation showed that there was a positive significant relationship between cult attacks and fatalities over a ten year period, with r = 0.83 at 99% probability level. The Student’s t-test showed a statistically significant difference on cult attacks before and after amnesty with t-cal of 2.55> t-tab of 2.01 at 95% probability level. The t-test also showed a statistically significant difference on cult fatalities before and after amnesty with t-cal of 2.41> t- tab of 2.01 at 95% probability level. Findings further revealed that mean values of cult attacks (3.20) and fatalities (2.70) after the amnesty were greater than mean values of cult attacks (2.13) and fatalities (1.37) before the amnesty. Conclusion: This showed that despite the amnesty, cult impact was still high in the study area and it was concluded that administration of amnesty is not an effective response tool to mitigation and containment of cult related activities in Niger Delta region, owing to its poor implementation and the desire to join cult groups by many youths who felt that joining the cult group will accord them protection and power over others. It is recommended that government should involve the local communities in designing an intervention program for youths.

Child Labor in Farming Households in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Albert Ukaro Ofuoku ◽  
Oghenero Joseph Ovharhe ◽  
Joseph Unuetara Agbamu
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Farming Households

Child labor is a major issue in many parts of the Global South. This study was conducted in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to examine the level of involvement of children in arable farming activities. Three states in the region were selected for the study, and arable farming households were randomly selected from these states. Out of the selected farming households, 362 children (6–17 years of age) were interviewed. It was found that children were highly involved in most of the farming activities that are considered hazardous. The reasons given by the farming household heads for the engagement of household children in farming activities included cultural, economic, and political factors. Most of the children combined schooling and farming activities. The research data showed that there was no significant relationship in the level of involvement of children in agricultural labor between the three Niger Delta states, but it showed significant difference in the nature of farming activities in which the children were involved. The implications of agricultural development are that these conditions will lead to the transmission of agricultural knowledge, technical, and social skills from generation to generation. It is recommended that (a) a compromise should be reached between schooling and the involvement of children in farming activities; (b) that children should always be made to wear protective gear when they carry out hazardous farming operations; and (c) their involvement and technical education in agricultural skills should give them a future positive interest in agriculture as a career/profession.

scholarly journals Corporate social responsibility and management of oil related conflict in Host Communities of Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-433
Author(s):  
Kenneth Chisom Gbali ◽  
Vincent Ezikornwor Weli ◽  
Prince Chinedu Mmom
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Rivers State

The study sought to examine the Corporate Social (CSR) and management of oil related conflicts in Host Communities of the Southern States. Corporate Social Responsibility is the commitment of businesses to contribute to sustainable economic development by working with employees, the local community and the society at large to improve their lives in ways that are good for business and for development. The study was guided by three research objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses. The design adopted for this study is exploratory and descriptive research design and was conducted in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers State in Nigeria. The population of this study comprised of 15,245,247 residents in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers State in Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was a set of structured questionnaire. Data derived from the field were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. And statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation were used to respond to the research questions, while inferential statistical tool of independent sample T-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study showed that there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female respondents on the level of relationship between IOC’s and hosts Communities in Niger Delta Region, Nigeria ((P=0.738>0.05), df (400) =. -0.49273, p=0.738); there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female respondents on the on CSR programs carried out by IOCs in hosts Communities in Southern Nigeria (P=.117>0.05), df (400) = -401.618, p=.117); further findings showed that there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female respondents on the Factors causing conflict between oil companies and host communities in Southern, Nigeria (P=0.775>0.05), df (400) =382.256 p=0.775). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that host communities should be integrated into the planning process, a paradigm shift from planning for to planning with the host Communities, amongst others.

scholarly journals The quality of public sources of drinking water in oil-bearing communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omosivie Maduka ◽  
Benson Ephraim-Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Studies carried out in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria have demonstrated a link between oil exploration and poor-quality drinking water. However, many of these studies have been limited by small coverage and focus on few parameters. This study thus aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the quality of public sources of drinking water in three gas flaring and three non-gas flaring communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Methods: A total of 13 samples were collected from the major sources of drinking water in six communities in Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta States, Nigeria. These were stored and transported in line with International standards to a certified environmental laboratory where physical, chemical, bacteriological and petro-chemical assessments were conducted for 27 parameters. Results: Some samples had a pH below the normal range for drinking water, with median pH value of 4.63. All chemical parameters assessed fell below the normal acceptable range with exception of magnesium which exceeded the acceptable range. There were11 samples (91.7%) with microbial contamination; total and faecal coliform demonstrated at values ranging between 15 and 90 most probably number (MPN)/100 ml for total coliform and 9 to 23 MPN/100 ml for faecal coliforms. Oil, grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were identified in water samples from all communities. Values for oil and grease ranged between <0.001 and 0.015 mg/l, while TPH values were between <0.001 and 0.046 mg/l. There was no significant difference between median values in gas flaring and non-gas flaring communities. Conclusion: Distortion of physico-chemical properties, and hydrocarbon and faecal contamination of drinking water are a major challenge in oil-bearing communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria irrespective of gas flaring status. This calls for urgent interventions to improve the quality of drinking water for the people of the Niger Delta.

scholarly journals The efficacy of disinfectants on abattoirs’ Candida albicans isolates in Niger Delta region

F1000Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwayemisi A Olorode ◽  
G Chijioke Okpokwasli
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of common disinfectants- these are (parachlorometaxylenol) dettol, savlon purit and jik (sodium hypochlorite) on Candida albicans isolated from displaying and cutting tables in five different abattoirs in Port Harcourt (Niger Delta region); the abattoirs include Trans Amadi, Agip, Woji, Rumuokoro, and Rumuodara. This research was carried out between January 2005 and June 2006. Swab samples were collected from abattoirs cutting tables with sterile swab sticks and immediately transferred and cultured in the laboratory on a selective medium Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The disinfectants’ concentrations were prepared at 10%, 20%, 40%, and 70%, in triplicates and the mean values calculated. 0.5 Mc Farland turbidity method of standardization and Agar diffusion method were used for disinfectants testing of the isolates. Statistical analysis of the data showed no significant difference in the effectiveness of these disinfectants at (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study has shown that savlon and dettol were the most potent antimicrobial agents at 10% concentration on Candida albicans isolates when compared with purit and jik in this study, hence they are good sanitizing agents to be applied on the abattoirs cutting tables, before meat products can be displayed for sale.

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