9. Sex Discrimination and Equality Law

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about EU law on sex discrimination and equality. The questions have been divided into a general question on the inclusion of sex discrimination provision in the first place; problem questions on aspects of equal pay and equal treatment; an essay question on a specific development in this area of law, which considers the overlapping area of pay and pensions and a problem on pregnancy-related matters. A new essay type question has been introduced on the expansion of areas protected by equality legislation at the end of the chapter.

5. The Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter deals with questions on the range of actions or types of procedure provided for under the TFEU (ex European Community (EC) Treaty). These are the actions under Arts 258-260, 263, 265, 267, 268, 277, and 340 TFEU. The questions range from a straightforward consideration on the procedure of each action to the difficulties for applicants in these actions; the setting of difficult problem questions on the procedural aspects to questions requiring a consideration of more than one action. The chapter concludes with a general question on the overall range and effectiveness of remedies for individuals in the EU legal order. A mixture of essay and problem-type questions is provided.

3. The Sources, Forms, and Individual Remedies of EU Law

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter includes questions on a wide variety of often overlapping points concerned with the sources of European Union (EU) law. The sources of law are the Treaties which are regarded as primary sources and secondary legislation which can be enacted by the institutions of the Union by virtue of the powers given by the Member States and which are contained in the Treaties. Additional sources of law in the EU legal order are agreements with third countries, general principles and the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) establishing, amongst other case law developments, the doctrine of direct effects, supremacy of EU law and state liability.

2. The Origins, Institutions, and Development of the Union and the Legislative Processes

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about the origins, institutions, and development of the European Union and legislative processes.

1. Exam Skills for Success in EU law

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This introductory chapter sets out the book’s purpose, which is to provide a number of example questions on European Union (EU) law, which should be fairly typical of those met on degree level courses on EU law. The questions are then followed by a few sentences or paragraphs of comment on the type of question, the main aspects or elements to be considered in the question, various examiner’s tips on particular issues to be aware of, to include or indeed to avoid, and advice on structuring the answer. The suggested answers are designed to demonstrate how the particular questions should be answered to get a good mark, i.e., an upper second or better.

8. Competition and Merger Law

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about EU competition and merger law. The questions on competition law range from a general overview question, a question which surveys the basic concepts and requirements of Arts 101 and 102 TFEU and the Mergers Regulation, to questions concentrating on specific aspects of competition law including the procedure of competition law investigations and enforcement. The 2007 Lisbon Treaty made little substantive change to the competition law provisions, which can be found in Arts 101-106 of the amended TFEU. More significant is the Competition Regulation 1/2003 and the Merger Regulation, 139/2004, which is under revision for future reform or replacement.

4. The Supremacy of EU Law and its Reception in the Member States

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about the supremacy of EU law and its reception in Member States. Both the legal arguments for supremacy and the political logic are often considered in establishing the reasoning for EU law supremacy. The first question concentrates on the reasons for EU law supremacy from the point of view of the Union and in the view of the European Court of Justice (ECJ).

10. Skills for Success in Coursework Assessments

In Chapter 1, some of the different or special considerations of EU were outlined. In some of the other chapters, I indicated certain questions, which due to their nature might be suitable as coursework questions. In this chapter, I will provide some guidance in tackling EU coursework questions. It may be that coursework is a percentage or in some cases the whole assessment for your EU law module. In my experience, having been an internal or external EU law examiner in about 20 UK and European Universities, word limits can also vary but depending on the percentage value carried, may be just 2,000 words up to 7,500 for undergraduate coursework. 10,000 words cannot be ruled out, but would be the exception. Some coursework questions will be in the form of an essay-style question and some will be in the form of a problem. The problem questions are likely to be composite questions but are unlikely in EU law to be fully mixed questions involving both procedural law and substantive law, although it is not ruled out; there are over 100 law schools out there and they can vary considerably in their coursework requirements. In EU law, I have observed that longer coursework questions tend to concentrate either on one involving a number of procedural actions, or on specific substantive subjects such as the free movement of goods or persons, competition law, or discrimination law. The questions at undergraduate level are more likely to be set questions, but longer word limits might alternatively involve you in choosing your own topic....

7. The Free Movement of Persons

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about the free movement of persons in the EU. The area of law straddles three main subdivisions, comprising the free movement of workers, involving most of the secondary legislation and case law; secondly the freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services; and additionally now, Union citizenship. The chapter includes all types of questions, such as combination essay-type questions, combination problem-type questions, problem questions concerned only with the free movement of workers, an essay-type question concentrating on the free movement of professionals and questions which involve citizenship and wider free movement issues.

6. The Free Movement of Goods

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about the free movement of goods in the EU. The questions focus on charges and measures having equivalent effect, the restrictions allowed under Art 36 TFEU and the principles of law which have emerged from the case of Cassis de Dijon and subsequent cases.