Knowledge of medical students about perioperative nutritional care in Bahia, Brazil: a transversal study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students’ knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.

A relação entre a vida acadêmica e a vida familiar do estudante de medicina: uma análise transversal

INTRODUÇÃO: Conciliar demandas acadêmicas e demandas oriundas de outras esferas da vida pode ser um obstáculo para estudantes, o que torna relevante a investigação sobre as relações estabelecidas entre a vida acadêmica e a vida familiar dos estudantes de medicina. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver e reunir evidências de validade de escalas para mensuração das interfaces entre a vida acadêmica e vida familiar de estudantes e descrever a percepção sobre as interfaces estabelecidas entre elas. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Escalas existentes e validadas sobre interface positiva e conflito trabalho-família foram adaptadas para escalas para avaliação das interfaces entre vida acadêmica e vida familiar. Foram conduzidas análises fatoriais exploratórias, além de verificação da confiabilidade interna. Os resultados das escalas foram descritos por meio de médias e desvio-padrão. RESULTADOS: As escalas adaptadas foram aplicadas a 539 estudantes de medicina. Na Escala de Conflito Estudos-Família, o fator “Conflito Estudos-Família” reuniu 5 itens (alpha=0,78) e o fator “Conflito Família-Estudos” reuniu 7 itens (alpha= 0,85). As médias obtidas foram 3,97(±1,03) e 2,57(±1,09), respectivamente. Com relação à Escala da Interface Positiva Estudos-Família, o fator “Interface Positiva Família-Estudos” reuniu 7 itens (alpha=0,90) e o fator “Interface Positiva Estudos-Família” reuniu 6 itens (alpha=0,85). As médias obtidas foram 4,95(±0,96) e 2,57(±1,06), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os instrumentos propostos mostraram-se válidos e confiáveis para mensurar as interfaces positiva e negativa entre a vida acadêmica e a vida familiar de estudantes. Os estudantes de medicina identificam uma maior influência da vida acadêmica prejudicando a vida familiar e percebem a família contribuindo mais nos estudos de maneira favorável.

Pedagogical impact of internal training applied to the Academic League of Internal and Surgical Medicine

INTRODUCTION: Academic Leagues of Medicine are extracurricular activities, which recognize the student’s protagonism in knowledge's production, such as training and teaching-learning experiences developed by students. OBJECTIVE: To assess the training’s efficiency in surgical technique applied at the Academic League of Internal and Surgical Medicine (LAMIC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated the effect of the LAMIC’s training promoted to its associated students, comparing them to a non-exposed group. A questionnaire was used as an evaluation tool. It contained 20 objective questions and all students had up to 30 minutes to answer it. The 60% mark of correct answers was set as a threshold for considering proficient knowledge. For statistical analyses, Mann-Whiney U test and Fisher's exact test were performed, adopting p<0.01 as significant. RESULTS: Sixty-nine students composed the sample population, whom 24 LAMIC-students were exposed to internal training and 45 non-exposed students. Among LAMIC-students, 91.7% had supraliminal results, while only 2.2% of non-exposed students reached this mark (p<0.01; odds ratio, OR = 354.8). There was statistically significant association between LAMIC-students’ results and good performance in: fundamentals in surgery (p<0.01, OR = 5.0), surgical risk assessment (p<0.01, OR = 3.4), patient (p<0.01, OR = 183.5) and surgical team (p<0.01, OR = 9.6) positioning, surgical center (p<0.01, OR = 84.0), and instrumentation (p<0.01, OR = 125.3). CONCLUSION: Participation in internal training promoted by the academic league fostered better results in surgical knowledge, corroborating the concept that student’s leadership in teaching experiences may contribute to a better learning experience and medical formation.

Avaliação da escalade design da simulação em acadêmicos de medicina

INTRODUÇÃO: A simulação realística tem sido um método de aprendizagem amplamente utilizado no Brasil, sobretudo no ensino médico. Para reproduzir os cenários de atuação médica de forma mais fidedigna, o Design da simulação precisa ser bem planejado para levar o aluno ao maior nível de aproveitamento possível. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a avaliação da qualidade das características do desenho do cenário da simulação pelos dos alunos dos cursos de medicina. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, descritivo, de corte transversal realizado com estudantes do curso de medicina, no período de fevereiro de 2019. A amostra final foi de 90 estudantes. A Escala de Design da Simulação foi utilizada para a avaliação da estrutura do cenário da simulação. A partir da escala, as avaliações do Design da simulação pelos alunos foram tabuladas e comparadas através das médias e desvio padrão. RESULTADOS/DISCUSSÃO: Todos os itens analisados da Escala de Design da Simulação, obtiveram resultados positivos na avaliação, assim como a importância da elaboração adequada do Design. Aquele que obteve concordância predominante foi o domínio “Realismo” com média de 4,94 e desvio padrão de 0,20 e importância predominante foi o domínio “Feedback/reflexão”, com média de 4,95 e desvio padrão de 0,16. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo indicam percepções predominantemente positivas dos alunos do curso de medicina acerca do design construído para a simulação aplicada e da sua importância para o processo e aprendizagem. Além disso, pode-se de apontar os aspectos que precisam de melhor desenvolvimento e aprimoramento da simulação, assim como ressaltar os pontos positivos de destaque.

Potencialidades e fragilidades da Educação e do Trabalho Interprofissional em saúde: perspectivas de profissionais do Nordeste brasileiro

INTRODUÇÃO: A Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhece que a EIP é uma estratégia inovadora que proporciona a prática colaborativa. A mesma ocorre quando duas ou mais profissões aprendem sobre os outros, com os outros e entre si. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a análise das potencialidades e fragilidades da educação e do trabalho interprofissional na perspectiva de profissionais da saúde do setor público do Nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados com 189 participantes da área da saúde de diversas formações na área de saúde do Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados coletados foram inseridos em quadros sinópticos e organizados em categorias temáticas. RESULTADOS: Os conteúdos expressos no espaço aberto do formulário eletrônico foram analisados a partir de dois eixos temáticos que emergiram dos resultados da pesquisa e nortearam as análises: Importância, desafios e possibilidades da Educação e Trabalho Interprofissional; e Formação em Saúde para a prática Interprofissional. Os conteúdos expressos apontam para a necessidade de mudanças curriculares nas graduações dos cursos da saúde, no intuito de favorecer uma formação voltada para a interprofissionalidade e com capacidade para atuar em equipes colaborativas. CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados déficits na formação acadêmica e educação permanente para o fortalecimento da EIP para o fortalecimento das práticas interprofissionais e, consequentemente, para o fortalecimento das práticas interprofissionais.

Experiência da residência de medicina de família e comunidade no teleatendimento pelo monitora Covid-19

INTRODUCTION: SARS CoV 2 infection causes COVID-19, characterized by flu-like symptoms such as cough, fever, odinophagia, gustatory and olfactory changes, which may complicate pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sepsis, and thrombotic events. Since march, it has been happening community transmission in Brazil, then several non-essential services were closed and elective procedures postponed. The temporary legalization of telemedicine proved to be convenient for the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing telemonitoring and teleconsultations, it occurs by Monitora COVID-19 application. OBJECTIVE: this article aims to report the potentialities of this application for development of skills in the postgraduate course in Family and Community medicine in the follow-up of cases of COVID-19. EXPERIENCE REPORT: through the work process in this application, principles of integrality, multidisciplinarity and the person-centered clinical method, so important for family health, were reinforced. The integral follow-up of patients required knowledge of subjectivities, disease, illness and sometimes bonding. The improvement of communicative skills and cultural competence were very important for good relationship and dialogue with the patient in this application. CONCLUSION: this application allowed remote follow-up of patients with flu syndrome, guiding self-care and resolutive referral in severe cases. The role of family and community medicine, its principles and practices are important for improving care practices in this tool.

Knowledge attitude and practices towards chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Bangladesh

INTRODUCTION: Having proper knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards chronic kidney disease (CKD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is very important to reduce the disease burden. However, the information about KAP towards CKD among Bangladeshi T2DM patients is unknown, based on the available literatures till the date. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the KAP towards CKD among T2DM patients attended a selected hospital in Dhaka city. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this cross-sectional study, we conveniently selected Aalok hospital and also its 224 T2DM patients who attended the outdoor. We excluded the already developed CKD patients and aged over 70 years. We adopted a questionnaire from a validated instrument consisted of a 10 itemed knowledge, 8 itemed attitude, and 7 itemed practice domains towards CKD (total 25 items). Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. Both descriptive and comparative (Independent Sample t-tests and One-way ANOVA tests) statistics were used for data analysis where appropriates. RESULTS: Women respondents were higher (69.6%). The mean age of the respondents was 49.8±11.3 years. Most of them had average level of knowledge (69.6%) and attitude (60.7%). Majority also reported a good hypothetical practices in general if they would find out to have CKD. Knowledge was significantly associated (p<0.05) with sex, level of education, occupation, and income, whereas attitude was with sex, occupation, and income. CONCLUSION: T2DM patients of our study reported mostly average level of knowledge and attitude, and a good hypothetical practices in general towards CKD. Proper health awareness programs are needed to increase the KAP towards CKD among T2DM patients in Bangladesh.

Engagement e Burnout na docência no ensino superior na área da saúde: revisão integrativa

Teaching in higher education in the health field fits as a professional category intensely exposed to psychosocial stressors. Therefore, the factors linked to engagement and the Burnout Syndrome are constructs that permeate teaching. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the scientific literature on engagement and Burnout Syndrome in teaching in higher education in the health area. The search for studies was carried out in BVS, Web of Science and Science Direct databases; once the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 6 articles resulted. RESULTS: According to the year of publication, 33.3% of the articles were developed in 2017, 33% in 2013 followed by 17% in 2012 and 2011 respectively; when it comes to the results of the selected works, as for BS, the variables age, sex, marital status and teacher extension activities are more frequently; in order for there to be prevention of BS, it is necessary to provide a healthy work environment, where the amplification of policies, procedures and systems designed must be observed, in order to make employees capable of achieving organizational objectives and, concomitantly, achieve satisfaction in their professional occupation. CONCLUSION: Thus, it is concluded that from adequate work environments, incentives for teacher development, healthy labor relations, a favorable structure for teaching practice, and favoring the physical, mental and psychological health of these professionals, the institutions will perceive positive results in the process of teaching and learning.