Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Rajnish Kumar ◽  
Avijit Mazumder ◽  
Salahuddin ◽  
Shivani Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Synthesis Techniques ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
Oxygen Heterocycles ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract: Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, the scaffold, has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to showing an extensive range of pharmacological actions. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed towards the construction of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to a known pharmaceutical or a potential pharmacophore. This digest highlights recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to learn about several ways for synthesizing oxadiazole. These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse circumstances. According to the literature investigations, they were given a high priority for their pharmacological significance, such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, etc.

Recent updates on Synthetic Strategies and Biological Potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazole: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Rajnish Kumar ◽  
Avijit Mazumder ◽  
Salahuddin ◽  
Shivani Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Synthesis Techniques ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract: Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, the scaffold, has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to show an extensive range of pharmacological actions. According to literature investigations, prepared 1,3,4-oxadiazole and its derivative are pharmacologically significant and consist of a variety of activities, such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, etc. These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse reaction circumstances. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed towards the synthesis of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to an established potential pharmacophore to improve the efficacy and potency. This article aims to highlight recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to help researchers by summarizing several synthetic strategies for synthesizing oxadiazole.

Resveratrol, a Molecule with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Activities: Natural Product to Chemical Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Yu-Chia Chang ◽  
Kuei-Hung Lai ◽  
Tsong-Long Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Related Compounds

Background: Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol product, is used in plant defense from fungal and microbial aggression. It is found naturally, especially in plants such as grapes, peanuts, and berries. It has the highest concentrations in blueberries, mulberries, blackberries, and the skin of red grapes. Resveratrol has various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antineoplastic activities. Methods: We conducted a literature survey using standard tools such as Google, Reaxys, Scifinder, Scihub, and patent Espacenet to compile the biosynthetic pathways, all organic synthetic methods, and biological activities reported for resveratrol till date. Results: More than one hundred research articles and patents were referred to write this review. About twenty-five of them are related to chemical synthesis, and the rests are about the source, pharmacological activity, and other properties of resveratrol. This study reveals that many common pathways are involved in various pharmacological activities, which can be useful for treating various diseases based on the pathways involved. Reactions such as Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation, WittigHorner condensation, Mizoroki–Heck, Perkin, Wittig, etc. have been used in resveratrol synthesis. A structure-activity relationship was also established based on its analogs and derivatives. Conclusion: This review examined and reported all the published biological activities and chemical syntheses of resveratrol apart from the biosynthetic pathway. Due to its valuable biological activities, various synthetic approaches have been reported till date. The reported synthetic operations are suitable for large-scale industrial production. Moreover, these comprehensive synthetic procedures could be utilized in the preparation of stilbenes and other related compounds in future endeavors.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis of β-Carboline Alkaloids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Tímea Szabó ◽  
Balázs Volk ◽  
Mátyás Milen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

β-Carboline alkaloids are a remarkable family of natural and synthetic indole-containing heterocyclic compounds and they are widely distributed in nature. Recently, these alkaloids have been in the focus of interest, thanks to their diverse biological activities. Their pharmacological activity makes them desirable as sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic or antimicrobial drug candidates. The growing potential inherent in them encourages many researchers to address the challenges of the synthesis of natural products containing complex β-carboline frameworks. In this review, we describe the recent developments in the synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids and closely related derivatives through selected examples from the last 5 years. The focus is on the key steps with improved procedures and synthetic approaches. Furthermore the pharmacological potential of the alkaloids is also highlighted.

Click Reactions in Chemistry of Triterpenes - Advances Towards Development of Potential Therapeutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pokorny ◽  
Lucie Borkova ◽  
Milan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Click Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Triterpenoids are natural compounds with a large variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparazitic, antiinflammatory and others. Despite their low toxicity and simple availability from the natural resources, their clinical use is still severely limited by their higher IC50 and worse pharmacological properties than in the currently used therapeutics. This fact encouraged a number of researchers to develop new terpenic derivatives more suitable for the potential clinical use. This review summarizes a new approach to improve both, the activity and ADME-Tox properties by connecting active terpenes to another modifying molecules using click reactions. Within the past few years, this synthetic approach was well explored yielding a lot of great improvements of the parent compounds along with some less successful attempts. A large quantity of the new compounds presented here are superior in both activity and ADME-Tox properties to their parents. This review should serve the researchers who need to promote their hit triterpenic structures towards their clinical use and it is intended as a guide for the chemical synthesis of better drug candidates.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Quaternary Quinolinium Salts: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 2271-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Utreja ◽  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
Akhil Goyal ◽  
Komalpreet Kaur ◽  
Sonia Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tubulin Polymerization ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Quinolinium Salts

Heterocyclic chemistry is the only branch of chemistry that has applications in varied areas such as dyes, photosensitizers, coordination compounds, polymeric materials, biological, and many other fields. Quinoline and its derivatives have always engrossed both synthetic chemists and biologists because of their diverse chemical and pharmacological properties as these ring systems can be easily found in various natural products, especially in alkaloids. Among alkaloids, quinoline derivatives i.e. quinolinium salts have attracted much attention nowadays owing to their diverse biological profile such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antifungal, hypotensive, anti-HIV, analgesics and anti-inflammatory, etc. Quinoline and its analogs have recently been examined for their modes of function in the inhibition of tyrosine kinases, proteasome, tubulin polymerization, topoisomerase, and DNA repair. These observations have been guiding scientists for the expansion of new quinoline derivatives with improved and varied biological activities. Quinolinium salts have immense possibilities and scope to investigate these compounds as potential drug candidates. Therefore, we shall present a concise compilation of this work to aid in present knowledge and to help researchers explore an interesting quinoline class having medicinal potential.

Diversity-Oriented Synthetic Approaches for Furoindoline: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Yagyesh Kapoor ◽  
Sundeep K. Manjal ◽  
Ravindra K. Rawal ◽  
Kapil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Tetrahydropyranyl Ether ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Synthetic Target

The furo [2,3-b] indoline ring system is one of the most important structural units in various natural products. It has been known to have inherent biological activities and is utilized as a synthetic target for a number of natural compounds; therefore, this has contributed to a great demand for the growth of synthetic methods for this ring system. Most important compounds with furoindoline ring system are physovenine, madindoline A and B and makomotindoline etc. These compounds are well known to exhibit biological activity against different diseases such as glaucoma, cancer, cachexia, Castleman’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. The current article focuses on various synthetic approaches for furoindoline containing compounds and essential furoindoline moiety, such as oxindole-5-O-tetrahydropyranyl ether route etc., and various other diastereoand enantio- controlled approach in a very concise way.

Biotransformation of Coumarins by Filamentous Fungi: An Alternative Way for Achievement of Bioactive Analogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainara Santos do Nascimento ◽  
João Carlos Silva Conceição ◽  
Eliane de Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Compounds

Coumarins are natural 1,2-benzopyrones, present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants. The low yield in the coumarins isolation from natural sources, along with the difficulties faced by the total synthesis, make them attractive for biotechnological studies. The current literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins by fungi, which can generate chemical analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological interest in the coumarin-related compounds, their alimentary and chemical applications, this review covers the biotransformation of coumarins by filamentous fungi. The chemical structures of the analogs were presented and compared with those from the pattern structures. The main chemical reactions catalyzed the insertion of functional groups, and the impact on the biological activities caused by the chemical transformations were discussed. Several chemical reactions can be catalyzed by filamentous fungi in the coumarin scores, mainly lactone ring opening, C3-C4 reduction and hydroxylation. Chunninghamella sp. and Aspergillus sp. are the most common fungi used in these transformations. Concerning the substrates, the biotransformation of pyranocoumarins is a rarer process. Sometimes, the bioactivities were improved by the chemical modifications and coincidences with the mammalian metabolism were pointed out.

scholarly journals Applications of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination in modern natural product synthesis

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Roman ◽  
Maria Sauer ◽  
Christine Beemelmanns
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Natural Product Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

Here, we have summarized more than 30 representative natural product syntheses published in 2015 to 2020 that employ one or more Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reactions. We comprehensively describe the applied phosphonate reagents, HWE reaction conditions and key steps of the total synthetic approaches. Our comprehensive review will support future synthetic approaches and serve as guideline to find the best HWE conditions for the most complicated natural products known

scholarly journals Modern Synthetic Methods for the Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Dienes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Raquel G. Soengas ◽  
Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

The 1,3-butadiene motif is widely found in many natural products and drug candidates with relevant biological activities. Moreover, dienes are important targets for synthetic chemists, due to their ability to give access to a wide range of functional group transformations, including a broad range of C-C bond-forming processes. Therefore, the stereoselective preparation of dienes have attracted much attention over the past decades, and the search for new synthetic protocols continues unabated. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the diverse methodologies that have emerged in the last decade, with a focus on the synthetic processes that meet the requirements of efficiency and sustainability of modern organic chemistry.

scholarly journals A Further Comprehensive Review on the Phytoconstituents from the Genus Erythrina

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Musarraf Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Previous Review

Erythrina is a significant source of phytoconstituents. The aim of this review is to solicitude of classification, synthesis, and phytochemicals with biological activities of Erythrina. In our previous review on this genus (Hussain et. al., 2016a) fifteen species (Erythrina addisoniae, E. caribeae, E. indica, E. lattisima, E. melanacantha, E. mildbraedii, E. poeppigiama, E. stricta, E. subumbrans, E. veriagata, E. vespertilio, E. velutina, E. zeberi, E. zeyheri and E. americana) have been studied and 155 molecules with chemical structures were reported. A further comprehensive review was done upon continuation on the same genus and thirteen species (E. abyssinica, E. arborescens, E. berteroana, E. burttii, E. caffra, E. coralloids, E. crista-galli, E. fusca, E. herbaceae, E. lysistemon, E. mulungu, E. speciosa and E. tahitensis) of Erythrina have been studied and 127 compounds are reported as phytoconstituents with their chemical structure in this review. Erythrina crista-galli and E. lysistemon consist of highest number of chemical constituents. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 65-77, 2020

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document