scholarly journals Legal Considerations in a Nuclear Detonation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. S65-S72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Local Law ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Medical Countermeasures

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes public health legal issues that need to be considered in preparing for and responding to nuclear detonation. Laws at the federal, state, territorial, local, tribal, and community levels can have a significant impact on the response to an emergency involving a nuclear detonation and the allocation of scarce resources for affected populations. An understanding of the breadth of these laws, the application of federal, state, and local law, and how each may change in an emergency, is critical to an effective response. Laws can vary from 1 geographic area to the next and may vary in an emergency, affording waivers or other extraordinary actions under federal, state, or local emergency powers. Public health legal requirements that are commonly of concern and should be examined for flexibility, reciprocity, and emergency exceptions include liability protections for providers; licensing and credentialing of providers; consent and privacy protections for patients; occupational safety and employment protections for providers; procedures for obtaining and distributing medical countermeasures and supplies; property use, condemnation, and protection; restrictions on movement of individuals in an emergency area; law enforcement; and reimbursement for care.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S65-S72)

Study Methods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Dabney ◽  
Richard Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Local Law ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Homicide Investigation

Chapter 2 presents the methods of the current study. Three fieldwork projects in two cities are explained, including one researcher’s embeddedness with a plain-clothes, street crime unit, one researcher’s 10 month inclusion with a narcotics investigation unit, and one author’s 18 months of participant observation with a major city’s homicide investigation unit. Additionally, in-depth interviews with 15 federal, state and local law enforcement authorities were conducted. These three sources of data are integrated and triangulate the data used for the analysis.

The Crime-Fighting Community

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-86
Author(s):  
Nikki Jones
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Street Outreach ◽  
Select Group ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Intensive Work

Chapter 2 examines closely how battles over representation – specifically, battles over who should be chosen to save the neighborhood – have evolved in the city over time. In San Francisco, efforts to respond to violence in the city’s Black neighborhoods shifted from “peacekeeping” to crime fighting over the course of the late 20th and early 21st century. Today, the crime-fighting community relies on an intimate collaboration among law enforcement (federal, state and local) and a select group of community members, including leaders of youth-based organizations, faith leaders and street outreach workers, to manage problems associated with public safety in a particular geographic area, especially the persistent problem of violence. Yet, the crime-fighting community provides a circumscribed place for men like Eric (and, in some cases, women) with street credentials who are willing to take on the labor-intensive work (and largely subordinate position) of street outreach worker. Efforts to preserve the social organization of the crime-fighting community can lead to the alienation and exclusion of community members like Eric, a loss that can ultimately undermine its stated objectives and cede primary responsibility for youth likely to be victims or perpetrators of violence to law enforcement.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-272
Author(s):  
Marian Nash (Leich)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
State And Local

In January 1998, the Department of State released its Publication 10518, Consular Notification and Access: Instructions for Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcement and Other Officials Regarding Foreign Nationals in the United States and the Rights of Consular Officials to Assist Them. Prepared in the Office of the Legal Adviser, the booklet contains “instructions and guidance relating to the arrest and detention of foreign nationals, deaths of foreign nationals, the appointment of guardians for minors or incompetent adults who are foreign nationals, and related issues pertaining to the provision of consular services to foreign nationals in the United States.” The foreword points out that cooperation of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in ensuring treatment of foreign nationals in accordance with the instructions not only will permit the United States to comply with its consular legal obligations domestically, but also will help ensure that the United States can insist upon “rigorous compliance by foreign governments with respect to United States citizens abroad.”

scholarly journals The Fine Line: Rural Justice, Public Health and Safety, and the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sherman ◽  
Jennifer Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Sheriff's Department ◽  
Public Health And Safety

In this article, we provide an early glimpse into how the issues of public health and safety played out in the rural United States during the coronavirus pandemic, focusing on Washington State. We utilize a combination of news articles and press releases, sheriff’s department Facebook posts, publicly available jail data, courtroom observations, in-depth interviews with those who have been held in rural jails, and interviews with rural law enforcement staff to explore this theme. As elected officials, rural sheriffs are beholden to populations that include many who are suspicious of science, liberal agendas, and anything that might threaten what they see as individual freedom. At the same time, they expect local law enforcement to employ punitive measures to control perceived criminal activity in their communities. These communities are often tightly knit, cohesive, and isolated, with high levels of social support both for community members and local leaders, including sheriffs and law enforcement. This complex social context often puts rural sheriffs and law enforcement officers in difficult positions. Given the multiple cross-pressures that rural justice systems faced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we explore the circumstances in which they attempted to protect and advocate for the health and safety of both their incarcerated and their nonincarcerated populations. We find that certain characteristics of rural communities both help and hinder local law enforcement in efforts to combat the virus, but these characteristics typically favor informal norms of social control to govern community health. Thus, rural sheriff’s departments repeatedly chose strategies that limited their abilities to protect populations from the disease, in favor of appearing tough on crime and supportive of personal liberty.

Evaluation of an Experimental Educational Module on Opioid-Related Occupational Safety among Police Officers: Protocol for a Randomized Pragmatic Trial to Minimize Barriers to Overdose Response (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Simmons ◽  
Luther Elliott ◽  
Alexander Bennett ◽  
Leo Beletsky ◽  
Sonali Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach

BACKGROUND As drug-related morbidity and mortality continue to surge, police officers are on the front lines of the North American overdose crisis. Drug law enforcement shapes health risks among people who use drugs (PWUD), while also impacting occupational health and wellness of officers. Effective interventions to align law enforcement practices with public health and occupational safety goals remain under-researched. OBJECTIVE The Opioids and Police Safety Study (OPS) aims to shift police practices relating to people who use drugs (PWUD). It adapts and evaluates the relative effectiveness of a curriculum that bundles content on public health promotion with occupational risk reduction (ORR) to supplement a web-based overdose response and naloxone training platform (GetNaloxoneNow or GNN). This novel approach has the potential to improve public health and occupational safety practices, including using naloxone to reverse overdoses, referring PWUD to treatment and other supportive services, and avoiding syringe confiscation. METHODS This longitudinal study employs a randomized pragmatic trial design. A sample of 300 active-duty police officers from select counties in Pennsylvania, Vermont and New Hampshire with high overdose fatality rates will be randomized (150 each) to either the experimental arm (GNN + OPS) or the control arm (GNN + COVID-19 occupational risk reduction). A pre- and post-training survey will be administered to all 300 officers, after which they will be administered quarterly surveys for 12 months. A sub-sample of police officers will also be followed qualitatively in a simultaneous embedded mixed-methods approach. RESULTS Research ethics approval was obtained from the NYU Institutional Review Board. Findings will be disseminated widely, and the training products will be available nationally once the study is completed. CONCLUSIONS The Opioids and Police Safety Study is the first study to longitudinally assess the impact of an opioid-related occupational risk reduction intervention for law enforcement in the U.S. Our randomized pragmatic clinical trial aims to remove barriers to life-saving police engagement with PWUO/PWID by focusing both on the safety of law enforcement and evidence-based and best-practices for working with persons at risk of an opioid overdose. Our simultaneous embedded mixed-methods approach will provide empirical evaluation of the diffusion of naloxone-based response among law enforcement. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT05008523

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