Assessing law enforcement websites: a comparative analysis exploring types, quantity and quality of information available

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the availability of information on law enforcement websites in the state of Wisconsin.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted a content analysis of all 179 county and municipal local law enforcement agency websites within Wisconsin. The authors then implemented a comparative analysis that explored whether the quantity and quality of information available on law enforcement websites are similar to those of local governments and school districts. The authors then estimated models to test whether there is a relationship between the population size served and gender distribution of law enforcement departments to the availability of information on law enforcement websites.FindingsLaw enforcement websites contain a noticeable lack of information. The finding is even more apparent when comparing law enforcement websites to the websites of local governments and school districts. Finally, the authors show a positive link between information sharing on law enforcement websites and the proportion of the civilian staff at an agency that are women.Originality/valuePast studies that reviewed the make-up of law enforcement websites analyzed large law enforcement departments rather than local law enforcement departments, which notably represent the majority of most law enforcement departments. The authors also explicitly demonstrate that the commitment to information sharing is lagging within law enforcement websites compared to local-level governments. Future scholarship and law enforcement departments may benefit from exploring the employment of female civilians.

Accurate Impressive Optical Solitons For Nonlinear Refractive Index Cubic-Quartic through Birefringent Fibers

The main target of this work implements new accurate impressive optical solitons for four forms of the nonlinear refractive index cubic-quartic through birefringent fibers which play a vital role in all modern telecommunications process. These four different forms listed under whose profile names which are the cubic-quartic in polarization-preserving fibers with its different forms which are the kerr-law, the quadratic-law, the parabolic-law and the non-local-law NLSE. These new accurate optical solitons for these different forms are extracted in the framework of the solitary wave ansatz method (SWAM) which is powerful technique that achieves accurate results for all problems that are solved in the framework of it. The achieved results will be compared by the previous results which are achieved via other authors.

Foreign Law Rules in French Justice: The Basic Problems and Challenges

Private international law plays an important role in defining applicable law and regulating private international law relations. Foreign law is significantly different from local law. Judges do not have the right to change the content of foreign law, they simply have the opportunity to reject or apply foreign law. When a judge is obliged to make a decision based on the rules of national law in the process of legal proceedings, it is clear that the law of a foreign country can- not enjoy the same status. The issue of determining the content of foreign law and its application remains one of the most problematic issues in the private international law of countries around the world. French case law has gone through a difficult and controversial path to formulate a decisive position on the application of foreign law. Resolving this problem was especially important for France, as the courts of this country have to deal with a large number of international litigation cases. The basis for the application of foreign law is the choice of French private international law rules, as a particular legal relationship is subject to regulation by a foreign legal system. Thus, French courts apply foreign law to administer high-quality justice, as finding the right solution lies in applying foreign law.

Forming a Responsive Local Law in the National Legal Framework

This research uses normative legal research which mostly uses international journal literature. This will make writing more comprehensive and up to date information. The regional authority is attributively regulated in Article 18 paragraph (6) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in conjunction / juncto with Article 236 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. Based on these two provisions, autonomous regions are authorized to form Regional Regulations in the context of implementing regional autonomy and co-administration tasks. Related to this, Philipus M Hadjon stated that regional autonomy is the authority to form authority arrangements and the formation of principles, as well as procedures for carrying them out. Autonomous regions are given the authority to regulate in the form of Regional Regulations which function as the basis for the implementation of autonomy.

Law Enforcement Officers’ Reaction on Traditional Crimes to Fight Cybercrime Locally

Cybercrime has become one of the fastest-growing concerns for law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, and municipal levels. This qualitative case study examined the perceptions of nine law enforcement officers from Texas regarding combating cybercrime at the local level. The study focuses on how do law enforcement officers who respond to traditional crimes describe law enforcement agencies’ preparedness to fight cybercrime locally. Data collection consisted of semistructured interviews, where member-checking helped to enhance trustworthiness. The results from this study helped fill the gap in the literature regarding the unknown perceptions of law enforcement officers responding to cybercrimes at the local level. This study also focused on the behaviors of the participants regarding responding to cybercrimes. Participants indicated that law enforcement agencies take cybercrime seriously; however, cybercrimes are not a high priority for law enforcement at the local level. Participants also provided challenges that local law enforcement agencies face in cybercrime investigations locally.

Bad Customs, Civic Ordinances, and “Customary Time” in Medieval and Early Modern English Urban Law

This article examines 45 preambles in collections of urban customary law (called custumals) from 32 premodern towns in England between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. Urban custom was the local law of English towns, and constituted traditions and privileges that gained legal force over time. How lawmakers conceived of “bad” custom—that is, the desuetude or corruption of custom—was crucial to the intellectual framework of urban law. Evidence from preambles shows that lawmakers rooted the legitimacy of their laws in “customary time,” which was the period from the supposed origins of their customs to their formalization in text. Lawmakers’ efforts to reinforce, ratify, and revise urban customs by making new custumals and passing ordinances were attempts to broaden their autonomy and respond to the possibility of “bad” custom.

PREVENTING CHILD TRAFFICKING BY CUSTOMARY INSTITUTIONS AND LOCAL WISDOM IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

This paper aims to explain the causes of child trafficking in Indonesia and the efforts made by the Customary Institutions in preventing Child Trafficking in line with local wisdom values. This paper adopts normative juridical research by using the data collected through library research on regulations for child trafficking. The approach used is the historical approach and the conceptual approach. The role of Customary Institutions in Aceh and community involvement to prevent acts of violence and child exploitation is provided in the local law. The position and function of the Aceh Customary Institutions are dominant and can be used as a model of prevention of trafficking in children. Local wisdom is traceable in society despite some of these basic values are fading due to globalization and consumerism.

Collisions in local lawmaking

The study is devoted to clarifying the problem of existing collisions in local lawmaking, which allowed to substantiate the common understanding of this problem, as well as to identify new theoretical and applied conclusions and positions related to the need to resolve collisions in local lawmaking, their specifics and special characteristics. It is established that the country has adopted and operates a large number of regulations, many of which contradict each other, have internal inconsistencies and inconsistencies. Legal science and practice face the task of in-depth analysis of the causes of municipal legal collisions, finding ways to prevent and resolve them. It is pointed out that the emergence and increasing severity of conflicts in local lawmaking in most cases due to incomplete legal regulation of public relations, violation of the rules of legal technique in the adoption of local acts, insufficiently effective ways to prevent and resolve the latter. In addition, it is established that the method of settling and resolving local conflicts through the prism of legislative establishment of the priority of application of the norm and act is the most clear and effective. In the course of the research the systematic analysis of views on the collisions in law in general is carried out, the basic signs of the conflict in local law-making, its place among the specified categories in the plane are defined; analysis of the process of evolution of the social contradiction into a legal one with the subsequent transformation into a collision and a gap; legal conflict is defined as a subjective-objective phenomenon of legal reality. Among the existing large number of classifications of legal conflicts are local-legal, which are legal contradictions that arise due to subjective and objective reasons and errors in the exercise of powers to resolve the population directly and (or) through local governments, local issues, which is manifested in the adoption of regulations of local governments and their officials. Based on the analysis, the characteristic features of local-legal conflict are determined, which are detailed by the specified provisions on the connection of partial and general, manifestation in various forms and types, depending on the specifics of causes and solutions, local self-government issues of local significance and the emergence of the implementation of powers and the adoption of relevant municipal legal acts of local governments and their officials, with its own specific set of elements of the resolution mechanism.

Avant-garde encounters with the Anthropocene

David Lynch’s Twin Peaks: The Return (2017) departs from the series’s origins as a detective thriller/primetime soap pastiche to reveal the sf creature feature lurking in its DNA. In The Return’s most celebrated hour, Lynch ventures deeper into experimental filmmaking by soaring into a recreation of the first atomic test at Alamogordo, now commonly cited as the Anthropocene’s origin date. Following the blast, Lynch introduces a creature feature backstory for the entire series via three indelible creatures: the blackened human-hybrid Woodsmen; the winged frogs that enter the mouths of their sleeping prey; and BOB, the series’s original villain. My essay examines how Twin Peaks has transitioned from being, in part, a show about a forest that needs protecting to an art film about a universe reeling in the aftermath of human-made ecological imbalance - a permanent rift that even the most determined authority figures (local law enforcement, the military, the FBI and other government agencies) can’t hope to remedy or comprehend. I also analyse how Lynch’s disruptive avant-garde filmmaking in The Return resists didacticism in favour of providing visceral and ambiguous ways to engage environmental crises.