Changes in Resting Heart Rate Over Time and Mortality

Background: Resting heart rate (HR) and change in resting heart rate (ΔHR) over time are associated with increased risk of adverse outcome in patients with established heart failure (HF). We assessed whether the most recent HR and ΔHR are associated with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in participants enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study. Methods: We studied 15,680 participants with HR recorded at baseline (age 54±6 years, women 55%, African American 27%) and over 3 follow-up visits with a median time interval between visits of 3.0 (IQR 2.9-4.0) years. ΔHR from the preceding visit was calculated. Participants were followed up for a median of 22.7 (19.8-23.7) years. We related baseline and most recent resting HR and ΔHR to all cause mortality and CV outcomes adjusting for established baseline and time-updated risk factors and medications. Results: Baseline and most recent HR and ΔHR were associated with all-cause mortality and CV outcomes (table), however most recent HR and ΔHR were more strongly associated with outcomes compared to baseline HR. Every 10bpm increase in HR from the preceding visit was associated with a 29%, 30% 22% and 15% increase risk of all-cause mortality, incident HF, incident MI and stroke respectively. Every 10 bpm higher most recent HR was associated with a 34%, 41% 23% and 14% increase risk of all-cause mortality, incident HF, incident MI and stroke respectively. Conclusion: In a community-based cohort, the most recent resting HR and ΔHR are strongly associated with outcomes; higher resting HR and increases in HR over time are associated with the greatest magnitude of risk.

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Exhaled Methane is Associated with a Lower Heart Rate

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000521434 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Will Takakura ◽

Christine Chang ◽

Mark Pimentel ◽

Gina Mo ◽

John Torosyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Over Time

Background: In humans, methane (CH4) is exclusively produced by the intestinal microbiota and has been implicated in several conditions including cardiovascular disease. After microbial production of CH4 in the gut, it steadily crosses into the systemic circulation and reaches the lungs where it can be detected in the exhaled breath, as a surrogate measure for intestinal CH4 production. Recent reports have shown an association between CH4 and vagal dysfunction as well as the inhibition of CH4 activity on ileal contractions with atropine, suggesting its action on the parasympathetic nervous system. Given these findings we hypothesized that CH4 may be affecting resting heart rate based on the potential effect of CH4 on the vagus nerve. Objectives: Given its possible role in the parasympathetic nervous system, we aimed to study the relationship between breath CH4 and resting heart rate (HR) in humans. Additionally, we performed a longitudinal study analyzing the change in HR and its association to breath CH4 over time. Methods: First, we reviewed 1,126 subjects and compared HR in subjects with detectable and undetectable breath CH4. Second, we performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized control trial to compare the change in HR for those who had an increase in breath CH4 vs those that had a decrease in breath CH4 over 14 weeks. Lastly, we assessed whether a larger decrease in CH4 is associated with a larger increase in HR over time. Results: In the retrospective cohort, subjects with detectable CH4 had a lower HR compared to those with undetectable CH4 (73.0±0.83 vs 76.0±0.44 beats/min; p=0.01). In the post-hoc analysis, a decrease in CH4 over time was associated with an increase in heart rate (median ∆ = 6.5 ± 8.32 beats/min, p=0.0006). Lastly, we demonstrated a biological gradient whereby a larger drop in CH4 is associated with a greater increase in heart rate (R= -0.31, p=0.03). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a potential role for the microbiome (and specifically CH4 from methanogens) to regulate heart rate. Considering these findings, mechanistic studies are warranted to further investigate this potential novel microbiome-neurocardiac axis.

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Changes in Resting Heart Rate Over Time and Mortality—Reply

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.2012.392 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 307 (13) ◽

pp. 1369

Author(s):

Javaid Nauman

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Over Time

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Association of Psychosocial Factors With Short‐Term Resting Heart Rate Variability: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.017172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Anish S. Shah ◽

Alvaro Alonso ◽

Eric A. Whitsel ◽

Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽

Viola Vaccarino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Short Term ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk ◽

Over Time

Background Psychosocial factors predict heart disease risk, but our understanding of underlying mechanisms is limited. We sought to evaluate the physiologic correlates of psychosocial factors by measuring their relationships with heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic health, in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We hypothesize that increased psychosocial stress associates with lower HRV. Methods and Results We studied 9331 participants in ARIC with short‐term HRV data at visits 2 and 4. The mean (SD) age was 54.4 (5.7) years, 55% were women, and 25% were Black. Psychosocial factors included: (1) vital exhaustion (VE), (2) anger proneness, a personality trait, and (3) perceived social support. Linear models adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Low frequency HRV (ln ms 2 ) was significantly lower in the highest versus lowest quartiles of VE (B=−0.14, 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.05). When comparing this effect to age (B=−0.04, 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.04), the difference was equivalent to 3.8 years of accelerated aging. Perceived social support associated with lower time‐domain HRV. High VE (versus low VE) also associated with greater decreases in low frequency over time, and both anger and VE associated with greater increases in resting heart rate over time. Survival analyses were performed with Cox models, and no evidence was found that HRV explains the excess risk found with high VE and low perceived social support. Conclusions Vital exhaustion, and to a lesser extent anger and social support, were associated with worse autonomic function and greater adverse changes over time.

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Regional Frontal Lobe Response Magnitudes During Affective Shifting Covary With Resting Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan Smith ◽

John J.B. Allen ◽

Julian F. Thayer ◽

Richard D. Lane

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Cardiac Vagal Control ◽

Resting Heart Rate Variability

Abstract. We hypothesized that in healthy subjects differences in resting heart rate variability (rHRV) would be associated with differences in emotional reactivity within the medial visceromotor network (MVN). We also probed whether this MVN-rHRV relationship was diminished in depression. Eleven healthy adults and nine depressed subjects performed the emotional counting stroop task in alternating blocks of emotion and neutral words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The correlation between rHRV outside the scanner and BOLD signal reactivity (absolute value of change between adjacent blocks in the BOLD signal) was examined in specific MVN regions. Significant negative correlations were observed between rHRV and average BOLD shift magnitude (BSM) in several MVN regions in healthy subjects but not depressed subjects. This preliminary report provides novel evidence relating emotional reactivity in MVN regions to rHRV. It also provides preliminary suggestive evidence that depression may involve reduced interaction between the MVN and cardiac vagal control.

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