From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lead poisoning associated with use of traditional ethnic remedies--California, 1991-1992

JAMA ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 270 (7) ◽  
pp. 808-808 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Prevalence of Excess Lead Absorption and Associated Risk Factors in Children Enrolled in a Midwestern Health Maintenance Organization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Nordin ◽  
Sharon J. Rolnick ◽  
Joan M. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Health Maintenance Organization ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objective. To assess the prevalence of lead intoxication in children in a defined low-risk population at the new levels recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Design. During an 11-month period, whole blood lead tests were performed on 4678 children at routine well-child visits at 9 months and 2 years of age. For the last 8 months of the study, parents were asked to complete a prescreening risk factor questionnaire at these visits. The questionnaire and blood lead results were then matched. Data were collected from October 1, 1991 through August 31, 1992. Setting. The study subjects were all enrolled in Group Health, Inc, a large health maintenance organization. Its 17 staff model clinics serve urban and suburban populations in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. More than 95% of the population had coverage based on employment, not Medicaid. Results. Results indicated that 2.5% (n = 119) of the children had BPb levels ≥10 µg/dL. Urban clinics had rates of elevated BPb levels three to eight times those of suburban clinics (P < .00001), but the number of elevated BPb levels at the suburban clinics was greater than expected. BPb levels were significantly higher in summer and fall (P < .00001). The prescreening questionnaire addressed five areas potentially associated with risk according to the literature: housing, siblings with lead poisoning, parental hobbies or work involving lead, proximity to highways, and use of cultural medicines. Positive correlations were found between elevated BPb levels and residences built before 1950 (P < .00001). For children living in housing built before 1950, positive correlations were found between elevated blood lead levels and peeling paint (P < .01) or remodeling (P < .0001). Conclusions. Children who are at low socioeconomic risk but who live in housing built before 1950 are at increased risk for lead poisoning. The risk is greater if the house has peeling paint and especially if there is recent or ongoing renovation. Recommendations based on these results and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines are made for screening programs in similar populations, and for the need to increase community awareness concerning this issue.

Do Questions About Lead Exposure Predict Elevated Lead Levels?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Tejeda ◽  
Deborah D. Wyatt ◽  
Barry R. Rostek ◽  
William B. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Definition Of

Objective. To assess the usefulness of the lead poisoning questionnaire developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a screening tool for elevated lead levels. Methods. This descriptive study used a five-question questionnaire at our hospital-based general pediatric clinic and in two local private practices. We obtained venous lead levels from 485 children aged 9 months to 6 years who were brought for health supervision visits. The questionnaire was completed by a primary caretaker of 330 patients (68%). Contingency tables were used to compare lead levels with the responses on the questionnaire. Results. Lead levels of ≥10 µg/dL were found in 23 (7%) of 330 who completed the questionnaire. Caretakers of children with elevated lead levels were more likely to answer yes to questions about chipping paint and home remodeling than those whose children had levels <10 (P = .0001). These questions had sensitivities for detecting elevated lead levels of 70% and 74% with negative predictive values of 97% and 98%, respectively. Questions about known contacts with lead poisoning and job or industrial exposure to lead each had sensitivities of <10%. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's definition of high risk for lead poisoning (one or more positive responses) was nearly 90% sensitive for detecting elevated lead levels with a negative predictive value of 99%. Conclusion. This risk assessment questionnaire is an effective screening method for elevated lead levels in our population. Questions about the home environment were more sensitive indicators of elevated lead levels than other standard high-risk questions.

The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Katy O'Brien ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter ◽  
Tracey Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal. Method This viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children). Results SLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents. Conclusion The guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.

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