scholarly journals Two-Dose Intrapartum/Newborn Nevirapine and Standard Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce Perinatal HIV TransmissionA Randomized Trial

JAMA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Dorenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Hiv

scholarly journals Perinatal HIV Transmission Prevention: Challenges among Women Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah ◽  
Krystal Ruiz ◽  
Aminata Fofana ◽  
Victoria Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Transmission Prevention

About 86 percent of the estimated 160,000 children newly-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global efforts to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, this phenomenon continues to be a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper discusses challenges associated with perinatal HIV transmission prevention in sub-Saharan Africa and offers strategies for the way forward. These strategies include safe sex education and behavioral change, increased access to integrated antenatal care, training of unskilled traditional birth attendants into formal delivery systems, access to antiretroviral therapy, and investing in virologic testing. Key words: • HIV • Perinatal • Antiretroviral Therapy • Mother to Child HIV Transmission • HIV Prevention • Sub-Saharan Africa   Copyright © 2020 Armstrong-Mensah, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals No association between early antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and plasma levels of angiogenic factors: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameyo Djeha ◽  
Sylvie Girard ◽  
Helen Trottier ◽  
Fatima Kakkar ◽  
Hugo Soudeyns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Perinatal Hiv

Abstract Background Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has dramatically reduced the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. However, studies have shown an association between premature delivery and the use of ART during pregnancy (particularly protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapies), which could be explained by placental dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of ART (class, duration of exposure and time of initiation) with placental function by using angiogenic factors placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) as biomarkers. Methods Clinical and biological data from 159 pregnant women living with HIV were analyzed. Levels of each biomarker were measured in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. After logarithmic transformation, we compared these using generalized estimating equations according to (a) the type of ART; (b) the duration of exposure to ART; and (c) the time of initiation of ART. Results After adjusting for variables such as ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age, body mass index, parity, smoking status, and sex of the fetus, we found no significant association between the class of ART (PI-based or not) and serum concentrations of PlGF or sFlt-1. Furthermore, no significant association was found between biomarker levels and the duration of ART exposure or the timing of ART initiation (pre- or post-conception). Conclusions This study suggests that first and second trimester angiogenic factor levels are not significantly associated with ART, regardless of the duration or type (with or without PI). These observations seem reassuring when considering the use of ART during early pregnancy.

scholarly journals No association between early antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and plasma levels of angiogenic factors: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameyo Djeha ◽  
Sylvie Girard ◽  
Helen Trottier ◽  
Fatima Kakkar ◽  
Hugo Soudeyns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Perinatal Hiv

Abstract Background: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has dramatically reduced the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. However, studies have shown an association between premature delivery and the use of ART during pregnancy (particularly protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapies), which could be explained by placental dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of ART (class, duration of exposure and time of initiation) with placental function by using angiogenic factors placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) as biomarkers. Methods: Clinical and biological data from 159 pregnant women living with HIV were analyzed. Levels of each biomarker were measured in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. After logarithmic transformation, we compared these using generalized estimating equations according to (a) the type of ART; (b) the duration of exposure to ART; and (c) the time of initiation of ART. Results: After adjusting for variables such as ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age, body mass index, parity, smoking status, and sex of the fetus, we found no significant association between the class of ART (PI-based or not) and serum concentrations of PlGF or sFlt-1. Furthermore, no significant association was found between biomarker levels and the duration of ART exposure or the timing of ART initiation (pre- or post-conception). Conclusions: This study suggests that first and second trimester angiogenic factor levels are not significantly associated with ART, regardless of the duration or type (with or without PI). These observations seem reassuring when considering the use of ART during early pregnancy.

Mother to child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission: what HIV-infected women think. Our experience in Rome, Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 551-553
Author(s):  
E Visconti ◽  
Lucia Pastore Celentano ◽  
Salvatore Marinaci ◽  
Giancarlo Scoppettuolo ◽  
Enrica Tamburrini
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Rate ◽  
Mother To Child

Objectives: To investigate the knowledge of the risk of HIV vertical transmission as well as the feeling about the new therapy in reducing that rate. Methods: We included 152 HIV-infected women. A self reported questionnaire was administered from September to December 2000. Results: About the risk rate of transmitting HIV to their baby, 21 (13.8%) women indicated 100%; 67 (44.1%) 50-80%; 35 (23%) 10-50% and only 22 women (14.5%) answered the correct value of less than 5%. Regarding the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 82 women (53.9%) considered therapy effective in reducing vertical HIV transmission, while 63 women (41.4%) considered therapy powerless in preventing mother to child HIV transmission. Any statistically significant difference in sociodemographic, clinical, viroimmunological characteristics and antiretroviral therapy emerged between the groups. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of providing appropriate counselling about perinatal HIV transmission to all childbearing age HIV infected women.

scholarly journals An anesthesiologist’s view of problems in HIV-positive patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. V. Grigimalsky ◽  
A. I. Garga ◽  
A. V. Tarasov ◽  
I. N. Dovgiy ◽  
N. N. Budnyk
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Serum Transaminases

Currently, HIV infection is becoming epidemic. More than 42% of HIV-infected people in the world are women of childbearing age. With the onset of antiretroviral therapy, chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy, and planned cesarean section, the risk of perinatal HIV transmission decreases to 1–2%. However, various side effects such as anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatty liver dystrophy, toxic hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, increased serum transaminases, changes in biochemical parameters of liver function, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypocoagulation may occur in the context of antiretroviral therapy. This poses to the anesthesiologist a number of new tasks to ensure patient safety during the perioperative period.

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: from the first stages to the possibility of elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Olga L. Mozalyova ◽  
Anna V. Samarina
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Despite the success in reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission rate worldwide, the problem of perinatal HIV transmission is still relevant. Sexual activity nowadays is the predominant way of transmission, therefore the number of HIV cases among women growths. This leads to an increased number of pregnancies and childbirth in HIV-infected women. Better preventive treatment has decreased the transmission risk to 1% or less. Despite this, the Russian Federation is still not among the countries where the elimination of mother-to-child transmission has been recorded. This review article focuses on the main stages of mother-to-child transmission prevention from the time that no antiretroviral therapy was available to the current stage, when highly active antiretroviral therapy is used during pregnancy, childbirth and for the treatment of newborns. The research provides a comparative analysis of modern national and international clinical recommendations for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Predictors of Perinatal HIV Transmission Among Women Without Prior Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Ewing ◽  
Sascha R. Ellington ◽  
Jeffrey B. Wiener ◽  
Charles S. Chasela ◽  
Gerald Tegha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Resource Limited Setting ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Limited Setting

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy Helps HIV-Positive Women Navigate Social Expectations for and Clinical Recommendations against Childbearing in Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kastner ◽  
Lynn T. Matthews ◽  
Ninsiima Flavia ◽  
Francis Bajunirwe ◽  
Susan Erikson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clinical Counselling

Understanding factors that influence pregnancy decision-making and experiences among HIV-positive women is important for developing integrated reproductive health and HIV services. Few studies have examined HIV-positive women’s navigation through the social and clinical factors that shape experiences of pregnancy in the context of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted 25 semistructured interviews with HIV-positive, pregnant women receiving ART in Mbarara, Uganda in 2011 to explore how access to ART shapes pregnancy experiences. Main themes included: (1) clinical counselling about pregnancy is often dissuasive but focuses on the importance of ART adherence once pregnant; (2) accordingly, women demonstrate knowledge about the role of ART adherence in maintaining maternal health and reducing risks of perinatal HIV transmission; (3) this knowledge contributes to personal optimism about pregnancy and childbearing in the context of HIV; and (4) knowledge about and adherence to ART creates opportunities for HIV-positive women to manage normative community and social expectations of childbearing. Access to ART and knowledge of the accompanying lowered risks of mortality, morbidity, and HIV transmission improved experiences of pregnancy and empowered HIV-positive women to discretely manage conflicting social expectations and clinical recommendations regarding childbearing.

scholarly journals No association between early antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and plasma levels of angiogenic factors: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameyo Djeha ◽  
Sylvie Girard ◽  
Helen Trottier ◽  
Fatima Kakkar ◽  
Hugo Soudeyns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Perinatal Hiv

Abstract Background: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has dramatically reduced the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. However, studies have shown an association between premature delivery and the use of ART during pregnancy (particularly protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapies), which could be explained by placental dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of ART (class, duration of exposure and time of initiation) with placental function by using angiogenic factors placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) as biomarkers. Methods: Clinical and biological data from 159 pregnant women living with HIV were analyzed. Levels of each biomarker were measured in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. After logarithmic transformation, we compared these using generalized estimating equations according to (a) the type of ART; (b) the duration of exposure to ART; and (c) the time of initiation of ART. Results: After adjusting for variables such as ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age, body mass index, parity, smoking status, and sex of the fetus, we found no significant association between the class of ART (PI-based or not) and serum concentrations of PlGF or sFlt-1. Furthermore, no significant association was found between biomarker levels and the duration of ART exposure or the timing of ART initiation (pre- or post-conception). Conclusions: This study suggests that first and second trimester angiogenic factor levels are not significantly associated with ART, regardless of the duration or type (with or without PI). These observations seem reassuring when considering the use of ART during early pregnancy.

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