scholarly journals An anesthesiologist’s view of problems in HIV-positive patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. V. Grigimalsky ◽  
A. I. Garga ◽  
A. V. Tarasov ◽  
I. N. Dovgiy ◽  
N. N. Budnyk
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Serum Transaminases

Currently, HIV infection is becoming epidemic. More than 42% of HIV-infected people in the world are women of childbearing age. With the onset of antiretroviral therapy, chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy, and planned cesarean section, the risk of perinatal HIV transmission decreases to 1–2%. However, various side effects such as anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatty liver dystrophy, toxic hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, increased serum transaminases, changes in biochemical parameters of liver function, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypocoagulation may occur in the context of antiretroviral therapy. This poses to the anesthesiologist a number of new tasks to ensure patient safety during the perioperative period.

Mother to child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission: what HIV-infected women think. Our experience in Rome, Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 551-553
Author(s):  
E Visconti ◽  
Lucia Pastore Celentano ◽  
Salvatore Marinaci ◽  
Giancarlo Scoppettuolo ◽  
Enrica Tamburrini
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Rate ◽  
Mother To Child

Objectives: To investigate the knowledge of the risk of HIV vertical transmission as well as the feeling about the new therapy in reducing that rate. Methods: We included 152 HIV-infected women. A self reported questionnaire was administered from September to December 2000. Results: About the risk rate of transmitting HIV to their baby, 21 (13.8%) women indicated 100%; 67 (44.1%) 50-80%; 35 (23%) 10-50% and only 22 women (14.5%) answered the correct value of less than 5%. Regarding the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 82 women (53.9%) considered therapy effective in reducing vertical HIV transmission, while 63 women (41.4%) considered therapy powerless in preventing mother to child HIV transmission. Any statistically significant difference in sociodemographic, clinical, viroimmunological characteristics and antiretroviral therapy emerged between the groups. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of providing appropriate counselling about perinatal HIV transmission to all childbearing age HIV infected women.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy Helps HIV-Positive Women Navigate Social Expectations for and Clinical Recommendations against Childbearing in Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kastner ◽  
Lynn T. Matthews ◽  
Ninsiima Flavia ◽  
Francis Bajunirwe ◽  
Susan Erikson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clinical Counselling

Understanding factors that influence pregnancy decision-making and experiences among HIV-positive women is important for developing integrated reproductive health and HIV services. Few studies have examined HIV-positive women’s navigation through the social and clinical factors that shape experiences of pregnancy in the context of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted 25 semistructured interviews with HIV-positive, pregnant women receiving ART in Mbarara, Uganda in 2011 to explore how access to ART shapes pregnancy experiences. Main themes included: (1) clinical counselling about pregnancy is often dissuasive but focuses on the importance of ART adherence once pregnant; (2) accordingly, women demonstrate knowledge about the role of ART adherence in maintaining maternal health and reducing risks of perinatal HIV transmission; (3) this knowledge contributes to personal optimism about pregnancy and childbearing in the context of HIV; and (4) knowledge about and adherence to ART creates opportunities for HIV-positive women to manage normative community and social expectations of childbearing. Access to ART and knowledge of the accompanying lowered risks of mortality, morbidity, and HIV transmission improved experiences of pregnancy and empowered HIV-positive women to discretely manage conflicting social expectations and clinical recommendations regarding childbearing.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of HIV Transmission between Heterosexual Serodiscordant Couples where the HIV-Positive Partner Is Fully Suppressed on Antiretroviral Therapy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e55747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona R. Loutfy ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Michelle Letchumanan ◽  
Lise Bondy ◽  
Tony Antoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples

Antiretroviral treatment can reduce the risk of HIV transmission between male partners to ‘zero’

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l4915
Author(s):  
Rob Cook ◽  
Peter Davidson ◽  
Rosie Martin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Patient Benefit ◽  
Gay Couples ◽  
Condomless Sex

The studyA Rodger, V Cambiano, T Bruun, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393:2428-38.This project was funded by the NIHR Research for Patient Benefit Programme (project number PB-PG-1013-32069).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000785/antiretroviral-treatment-can-reduce-the-risk-of-hiv-transmission-between-male-partners-to-zero

scholarly journals Perinatal HIV Transmission Prevention: Challenges among Women Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah ◽  
Krystal Ruiz ◽  
Aminata Fofana ◽  
Victoria Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Transmission Prevention

About 86 percent of the estimated 160,000 children newly-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global efforts to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, this phenomenon continues to be a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper discusses challenges associated with perinatal HIV transmission prevention in sub-Saharan Africa and offers strategies for the way forward. These strategies include safe sex education and behavioral change, increased access to integrated antenatal care, training of unskilled traditional birth attendants into formal delivery systems, access to antiretroviral therapy, and investing in virologic testing. Key words: • HIV • Perinatal • Antiretroviral Therapy • Mother to Child HIV Transmission • HIV Prevention • Sub-Saharan Africa   Copyright © 2020 Armstrong-Mensah, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the Number of Women With HIV Infection Who Give Birth Annually in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Nesheim ◽  
Lauren F. FitzHarris ◽  
Margaret A. Lampe ◽  
Kristen Mahle Gray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: The annual number of women with HIV infection who delivered infants in the United States was estimated to be 8700 in 2006. An accurate, current estimate is important for guiding perinatal HIV prevention efforts. Our objective was to analyze whether the 2006 estimate was consistent with the number of infants with HIV infection observed in the United States and with other data on perinatal HIV transmission. Methods: We compared the number of infants born with HIV in 2015 (n = 53) with data on interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission (eg, maternal HIV diagnosis before and during pregnancy and prenatal antiretroviral use). We also estimated the annual number of deliveries to women living with HIV by using the number of women of childbearing age living with HIV during 2008-2014 and the estimated birth rate among these women. Finally, we determined any changes in the annual number of infants born to women with HIV from 2007-2015, among 19 states that reported these data. Results: The low number of infants born in the United States with HIV infection and the uptake of interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission were not consistent with the 2006 estimate (n = 8700), even with the best uptake of interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Given the birth rate among women with HIV (estimated at 7%) and the number of women aged 13-44 living with HIV during 2008-2014 (n = 111 273 in 2008, n = 96 363 in 2014), no more than about 5000 women with HIV would be giving birth. Among states consistently reporting the annual number of births to women with HIV, the number declined about 14% from 2008 to 2014. Conclusion: The current annual number of women with HIV infection delivering infants in the United States is about 5000, which is substantially lower than the 2006 estimate. More accurate estimates would require comprehensive reporting of perinatal HIV exposure.

scholarly journals Adherence to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy among Pregnant Women Enrolled in a HIV Prevention Program in Rural North-central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Cedrina L. Calder ◽  
Heather O ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabai ◽  
Celia J. Maxwell ◽  
Salisha Marryshow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
North Central ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective: Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women is essential to attaining the goal of eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission. The objective of this study was to determine which factors affect adherence to ART among HIV-positive women enrolled in a large prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) trial in rural north-central Nigeria. Methods: The parent study included 372 HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in a cluster-randomized control trial conducted at 12 health facilities in Nigeria between 2013 and 2015. This secondary analysis included HIV-positive women (and their infants) from the original trial with documented adherence data (n=210, 56.5%). The primary outcome was maternal adherence to ART, determined by self-report and based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) of a validated medication adherence tool. Participants with a VAS score of ? 95% were classified as adherent. We employed multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the predictors of maternal ART adherence in the study sample. Results: Approximately 61.0% of study participants (128/210) were adherent to ART. The majority of adherent participants (62.5%, 80/128) were enrolled in the trial intervention arm. The most common cited response for non-adherence was fear of status disclosure. Adherence to ART was associated with study arm (intervention arm vs. control arm, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) [95% CI]: 16.95 [5.30-54.23]), maternal ethnicity (Gwari vs. Other, aOR = 0.13 [0.05-0.38]), and partner HIV status (HIV-positive vs. unknown, aOR = 3.14 [1.22-8.07]). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Adherence to ART among a cohort of pregnant women enrolled in a PMTCT trial in rural North-Central Nigeria was associated with trial arm, maternal self- reported ethnicity, and partner

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