Energy Expenditure in Humans: the Influence of Activity, Diet and the Sympathetic Nervous System

2007 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Hamid R. Farshchi ◽  
Moira A. Taylor ◽  
Ian A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Ethnic differences in sympathetic nervous system-mediated energy expenditure

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. E789-E794 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Saad ◽  
S. A. Alger ◽  
F. Zurlo ◽  
J. B. Young ◽  
C. Bogardus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Impact

The impact of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity on energy expenditure (EE) was evaluated in nondiabetic Caucasian and Pima Indian men while on a weight-maintenance diet using two approaches as follows. 1) The relationship between 24-h EE, measured in a respiratory chamber, and 24-h urinary norepinephrine was studied in 36 Caucasians [32 +/- 8 (SD) yr, 95 +/- 41 kg, 22 +/- 13% fat] and 33 Pimas (29 +/- 6 yr, 103 +/- 28 kg, 30 +/- 9% fat). There was no difference between the two groups in 24-h EE (2,422 vs. 2,523 kcal/24 h) and in urinary norepinephrine (28 vs. 31 micrograms/24 h), even after adjusting for body size and composition. Twenty-four-hour EE correlated significantly with 24-h urinary norepinephrine in Caucasians (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) but not in Pimas (r = 0.03), independent of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and age. 2) The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (120 micrograms/kg FFM bolus and 1.2 micrograms.kg FFM-1.min-1 for 45 min) on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) was evaluated in 36 Caucasians (30 +/- 6 yr, 103 +/- 36 kg, 25 +/- 11% fat) and 32 Pimas (28 +/- 6 yr, 100 +/- 34 kg, 27 +/- 10% fat). The RMR was similar in the two groups (2,052 vs. 1,973 kcal/24 h) even after adjustment for FFM, fat mass, and age and dropped significantly after propranolol infusion in Caucasians (-3.9%, P less than 0.001) but not in Pimas (-0.8%, P = 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Role of leptin in energy expenditure: the hypothalamic perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (6) ◽  
pp. R938-R947 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pandit ◽  
S. Beerens ◽  
R. A. H. Adan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a peripheral signal that informs the brain about the metabolic status of an organism. Although traditionally viewed as an appetite-suppressing hormone, studies in the past decade have highlighted the role of leptin in energy expenditure. Leptin has been shown to increase energy expenditure in particular through its effects on the cardiovascular system and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis via the hypothalamus. The current review summarizes the role of leptin signaling in various hypothalamic nuclei and its effects on the sympathetic nervous system to influence blood pressure, heart rate, and BAT thermogenesis. Specifically, the role of leptin signaling on three different hypothalamic nuclei, the dorsomedial hypothalamus, the ventromedial hypothalamus, and the arcuate nucleus, is reviewed. It is known that all of these brain regions influence the sympathetic nervous system activity and thereby regulate BAT thermogenesis and the cardiovascular system. Thus the current work focuses on how leptin signaling in specific neuronal populations within these hypothalamic nuclei influences certain aspects of energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Transient Overexpression of VEGF-A in Adipose Tissue Promotes Energy Expenditure via Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Li Yanga ◽  
Kristin Eckel-Mahan ◽  
Qingchun Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Transient Overexpression

AbstractAdipose-derived VEGF-A stimulates functional blood vessel formation in obese fat pads which in turn facilitates healthy expansion of the adipose tissue. However, the detailed mechanism(s) governing the process remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of sympathetic nervous system activation in the process. To this end, we induced overexpression of VEGF-A in an adipose-specific doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transgenic mouse model for a short period of time during high fat-diet (HFD) feeding. We found that local overexpression of VEGF-A in adipose tissue stimulated lipolysis and browning rapidly after Dox induction. Immunofluorescent staining against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) indicated higher levels of sympathetic innervation in adipose tissue of transgenic mice. In response to the increased norepinephrine (NE) level, expression of β3-andrenoceptor was significantly upregulated and the downstream protein kinase A (PKA) pathway was activated, as indicated by the enhanced phosphorylation of the whole PKA substrates, in particular the hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes. As the result, the adipose tissue exhibited increased lipolysis, browning, and energy expenditure. Importantly, all these effects were abolished upon the treatment with β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230A. Collectively, these results demonstrate that transient overexpressed VEGF-A activates sympathetic nervous system which hence promotes lipolysis and browning in adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Transient Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A in Adipose Tissue Promotes Energy Expenditure via Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Kristin Eckel-Mahan ◽  
Qingchun Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

ABSTRACT Adipose-derived vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) stimulates functional blood vessel formation in obese fat pads, which in turn facilitates healthy expansion of the adipose tissue. However, the detailed mechanism(s) governing the process remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of sympathetic nervous system activation in the process. To this end, we induced overexpression of VEGF-A in an adipose tissue-specific doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transgenic mouse model for a short period of time during high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We found that local overexpression of VEGF-A in adipose tissue stimulated lipolysis and browning rapidly after Dox induction. Immunofluorescence staining against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) indicated higher levels of sympathetic innervation in adipose tissue of transgenic mice. In response to an increased norepinephrine (NE) level, expression of β3-adrenoceptor was significantly upregulated, and the downstream protein kinase A (PKA) pathway was activated, as indicated by enhanced phosphorylation of whole PKA substrates, in particular, the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes. As a result, the adipose tissue exhibited increased lipolysis, browning, and energy expenditure. Importantly, all of these effects were abolished upon treatment with the β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230A. Collectively, these results demonstrate that transient overexpressed VEGF-A activates the sympathetic nervous system, which hence promotes lipolysis and browning in adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Urinary Norepinephrine Is a Metabolic Determinant of 24-Hour Energy Expenditure and Sleeping Metabolic Rate in Adult Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Susanne B Votruba ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract Background Interindividual variability in 24-hour energy expenditure (24EE) during energy-balance conditions is mainly determined by differences in body composition and demographic factors. Previous studies suggested that 24EE might also be influenced by sympathetic nervous system activity via catecholamine (norepinephrine, epinephrine) secretion. Therefore, we analyzed the association between catecholamines and energy expenditure in 202 individuals from a heterogeneous population of mixed ethnicities. Methods Participants (n = 202, 33% female, 14% black, 32% white, 41% Native American, 11% Hispanic, age: 36.9 ± 10.3 y [mean ± SD], percentage body fat: 30.3 ± 9.4) resided in a whole-room calorimeter over 24 hours during carefully controlled energy-balance conditions to measure 24EE and its components: sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), awake-fed thermogenesis (AFT), and spontaneous physical activity (SPA). Urine samples were collected, and 24-h urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion rates were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Both catecholamines were associated with 24EE and SMR (norepinephrine: +27 and +19 kcal/d per 10 μg/24h; epinephrine: +18 and +10 kcal/d per 1 μg/24h) in separate analyses after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, fat mass, fat-free mass, calorimeter room, temperature, and physical activity. In a multivariate model including both norepinephrine and epinephrine, only norepinephrine was independently associated with both 24EE and SMR (both P < .008), whereas epinephrine became insignificant. Neither epinephrine nor norepinephrine were associated with adjusted AFT (both P = .37) but epinephrine was associated with adjusted SPA (+0.5% per 1 μg/24h). Conclusions Our data provide compelling evidence that sympathetic nervous system activity, mediated via norepinephrine, is a determinant of human energy expenditure during nonstressed, eucaloric conditions.

scholarly journals Sympathetic support of energy expenditure and sympathetic nervous system activity after gastric bypass surgery

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Curry ◽  
Madhuri Somaraju ◽  
Casey N. Hines ◽  
Cornelius B. Groenewald ◽  
John M. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document