Practical factors affecting electric fishing efficiency

2016 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Electric Fishing

Application of Automated FIB for TEM Sample Preparation in Semiconductor Failure Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Soo Sien Seah ◽  
Irene Tee ◽  
Bing Hai Liu ◽  
Eddie Er ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Lamella Thickness ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
High Flexibility

Abstract In this paper, we describe automated FIB for TEM sample preparation using iFast software on a Helios 450HP dual-beam system. A robust iFast automation recipe needs to consider as many variables as possible in order to ensure consistent sample quality and high success rate. Variations mainly come from samples of different materials, structures, surface patterns, surface topography and surface charging. The recipe also needs to be user-friendly and provide high flexibility by allowing users to choose preferable working parameters for specific types of samples, such as: grounding, protective layer coating, milling steps, and final TEM lamella thickness/width. In addition to the iFast recipe, other practical factors affecting automation success rate are also discussed and highlighted.

scholarly journals INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING IN EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 524-533
Author(s):  
Morteza Bagherpour ◽  
Mohammad Khaje Zadeh ◽  
Amin Mahmoudi ◽  
Xiaopeng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Earned Value ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Earned Value Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Engineering Managers ◽  
Practical Factors

The primary purpose of the current study is introducing a comprehensive approach to identify the relationship among different criteria in Earned Value Management (EVM). EVM is a well-known approach in project management context that can monitor schedule and cost performance indexes in projects simultaneously. The EVM detects current project performances and also predicts at completion costs of the project. In this study, employing Interpretive Structural Modelling, interactions which exist among affecting factors on EVM’s success are determined. First, all of the practical factors on EVM are determined and categorized into four main clusters; then the most effective ones are separated from the clusters; eventually, ISM is used based on eleven ultimate critical criteria. The results demonstrate that “Instability in the construction market” and “Macroeconomic indicators” are the most influencing factors affecting the EVM. Finally, a novel method for enhancing the performance of conventional EVM is presented. The proposed approach would be highly applicable for engineering managers who are willing to promote the current performance of the systems. Most studies have been previously carried out on the applications of the EVM in terms of improving final cost and total duration elapsed whereas there is not any particular study on the EVM issue which has stated the key factors that influence the EVM and lasting effect on the project performance. It should be noted that the proposed approach can be employed through the life cycle of any project particularly in construction projects.

Relative Methods of Population Measurement and the Derivation of Absolute Estimates

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-267
Author(s):  
Peter A. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
R Software ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Software Code ◽  
Electric Fishing ◽  
Estimate Population Density

Relative sampling methods usually requiring comparatively simple equipment are described. These often concentrate the animals and provide impressive collections. Factors affecting the size of relative samples are reviewed to show that biological interpretation can be difficult. A wide variety of methods for aquatic and terrestrial sampling are reviewed, including pitfall, interception, light, sticky, and flight traps, electric fishing, drift samplers, and gill nets. The use of baited traps, including vertebrate hosts, is discussed. Removal trapping to estimate population density is described, and R software code listed.

scholarly journals Practical Factors Affecting the Quantification of Elemental Concentrations in Beam-Sensitive Ceramics by EFTEM

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 977-978
Author(s):  
P. M. Rice ◽  
K. B. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Intensity Images ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Practical Factors

In order to obtain high spatial resolution microchemical data from beam-sensitive materials, alternative techniques which avoid the use of fine probes, such as energy-filtered imaging techniques must be used. Robust quantification procedures are currently under development. The quantification procedure which yields images whose intensities are proportional to the elemental concentrations (atoms per unit volume) has already been determined. The net core-loss intensity images, Si, can be corrected for diffraction contrast by normalization with low loss images, whereas thickness variations are corrected by normalization with t/λ, maps. This procedure has been shown to give the correct value for the concentration ratio between two phases for a single elemental map.1 Determining concentration ratios between two elements in the same phase can actually be simpler, in theory, than the above procedure since it only requires dividing the net core-loss intensity images of two elements and correcting for the difference in cross-section (Cx/Cy = [Sx/Sy][(σy/(σx])- However, there are a few practical factors that must be considered in practice.

scholarly journals Education for Sustainability in Practice: A Review of Current Strategies within Italian Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5246
Author(s):  
Giulia Sonetti ◽  
Caterina Barioglio ◽  
Daniele Campobenedetto
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Sustainable Universities

Universities play a crucial role in the short-term implementation of education for sustainable development goals (SDGs). The fourth SDG aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and to promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. Indeed, SDG4 is not intended as a goal in itself, but rather, a tool to achieve different goals and explore the best practices, via deductive-theoretical or inductive-experiential methods. Still, current literature on education for SDGs does not always consider the infrastructural and practical factors affecting the success or the failure of the practices mentioned above. The main purpose of this paper is to organize and describe a set of ongoing education for sustainability strategies that took place from 2016 to 2019 in Italian universities. Eighteen best practices have been collected after a national call by the Italian Network of Sustainable Universities (RUS), that aimed to map the current landscape of SDGs-related actions. Data have been analyzed based on the qualitative description provided by each university, according to four criteria: trigger, course type, approach (top-down/bottom-up) and declared mission. Results are depicted as a map of the current Italian higher education system, where a predominant mission (teaching) and a prevalent driver (top-down) have been found as the frequent features of SDGs educational initiatives. Further developments highlight the value of this first country-wide mapping of the Italian Higher Education Institutions implementing SDGs in their activities, that can avoid the isolation of individual experiences and, most importantly, can suggest some comparability and transferability criteria for similar cases.

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