Sanitary Process Piping and Equipment

2022 ◽  
pp. 17-48
Keyword(s):  
Process Piping

Handling Uncertainty in the Remnant Fatigue Life Assessment of Offshore Process Pipework

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Keprate ◽  
R. M. Chandima Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Fatigue Life Assessment ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Growth Laws ◽  
Elastic Fracture ◽  
Offshore Industry

A typical procedure for a remnant fatigue life (RFL) assessment is stated in the BS-7910 standard. The aforementioned standard provides two different methodologies for estimating RFL; these are: the S-N curve approach and the crack growth laws (i.e. using Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) principles) approach. Due to its higher accuracy, the latter approach is more commonly used for RFL assessment in the offshore industry. Nevertheless, accurate prediction of RFL using the deterministic LEFM approach (stated in BS-7910) is a challenging task, as RFL prediction is afflicted with a high number of uncertainties. Furthermore, BS-7910 does not provide any recommendation in regard to handling the uncertainty in the deterministic RFL assessment process. The most common way of dealing with the aforementioned uncertainty is to employ Probabilistic Crack Growth (PCG) models for estimating the RFL. This manuscript explains the procedure for addressing the uncertainty in the RFL assessment of process piping with the help of a numerical example. The numerically obtained RFL estimate is used to demonstrate a calculation of inspection interval.

Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Becht, IV
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Flexibility Analysis ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Expert Commentary ◽  
Welding Processes

Fully updated for the 2020 Edition of the ASME B31.3 Code, this fourth edition provides background information, historical perspective, and expert commentary on the ASME B31.3 Code requirements for process piping design and construction. It provides the most complete coverage of the Code that is available today and is packed with additional information useful to those responsible for the design and mechanical integrity of process piping. The author and the primary contributor to the fourth edition, Don Frikken are a long-serving members, and Prior Chairmen, of the ASME B31.3, Process Piping Code committee. Dr. Becht explains the principal intentions of the Code, covering the content of each of the Code's chapters. Book inserts cover special topics such as calculation of refractory lined pipe wall temperature, spring design, design for vibration, welding processes, bonding processes and expansion joint pressure thrust. Appendices in the book include useful information for pressure design and flexibility analysis as well as guidelines for computer flexibility analysis and design of piping systems with expansion joints. From the new designer wanting to known how to size a pipe wall thickness or design a spring to the expert piping engineer wanting to understand some nuance or intent of the code, everyone whose career involves process piping will find this to be a valuable reference.

Inspection and mitigation for pitting corrosion on stainless steel process piping to prevent process safety event and loss production opportunity in Medco E&P

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rosyadi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Corrosion Propagation ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Safety Event ◽  
Steel Piping

Stainless steel piping has excellent corrosion resistant properties, both internal or external piping surface. In humid circumstances, sea vapor containing chlorine will be trapped on the pipe surface, especially pipes below deck with minimum sun exposure (more humid). Chlorine on the external pipe surface will damage the passive layer of stainless steel pipe. Damage speed is faster than recovery of passive layer stainless steel. This condition lead to a lot of localized pitting corrosion spread. The corrosion was detected visually and carried out with dye penetrant inspection to assure pitting condition. Actual dimension of pitting (depth, diameter) cannot be measured due to limitation of the NDE technique. This pitting corrosion can result hydrocarbon leakage as a process safety event that contributes loss of production opportunity. Without modification circumstances, this condition can be stopped immediately by application of a viscos elastic coating to prevent pitting corrosion propagation. Application of viscos elastic coating is simpler and faster when compared to conventional coating. Viscos elastic coating will protect stainless steel piping surface against oxygen and chloride in humid circumstances so that stainless steel can recover passive layer and stop pitting corrosion.

Computer Based Process Piping Stress Analysis: ASME B31.3 Appendix S — Example S2

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Explicit Equation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Sustained Loads ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The American Standards Association (ASA) B31.3-1959 Petroleum Refinery Piping Code [1] grew out of an ASA document that addressed all manner of fluid conveying piping systems. ASA B31.3 was created long before widespread engineering use of computer “mainframes” or even before the inception of piping stress analysis software. Also as B31.3 continued to pass thru standards organizations from ASA, ANSI, to ASME, the B31.3 Process Piping Code [2] (hereafter referred to as the “Code”) has remained ambiguous over the past few decades in several areas. The displacement stress range, SE, has always been explicitly defined by both verbiage and equation. Yet, the sustained condition(s) stress, SL, is mentioned not with an explicit equation but with a statement that the sustained stress shall be limited by the allowable stress at the corresponding operating temperature, Sh. Also one might infer from the vague verbiage in the Code that there is only one sustained condition; this would also be an incorrect inference. Also, assumptions would then have to be made as to which supports are allowed to be included in a sustained analysis based on whether the piping “lifts-off” any of the pipe supports during the corresponding operating condition. This paper describes the subtle yet possibly radical concepts that are included in the (recently approved for inclusion into) ASME B31.3-2006 Appendix S Example S2. This paper discusses: • when and in what manner the most severe set of operating temperature and pressure is to be used; • the concept of “sustained condition” and multiple “anticipated” sustained conditions; • determining the support scenario(s) for each anticipated sustained condition; • establishing the most severe sustained condition to evaluate and determine the stress due to sustained loads, SL; • utilizing an equation with sustained stress indices to evaluate SL; • establishing the least severe sustained condition and its effect in determining the largest displacement stress range, SE.

Control of Pipeline Dynamics With Disk Spring Restraints (Design Paper)

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Goodling
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Disk Spring ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Design Paper ◽  
Boiler Feedwater

Dynamic transients such as steam hammer or water hammer in power plant or process piping can generate high destructive reactions if rigid restraints or snubbers are used in an attempt to exert total control of pipe response. However, where some movement can be tolerated, adequate control can be maintained with much lower resulting loads in the restraining structures and components. The disk spring restraint has been demonstrated to be a practical device for controlling piping movements caused by typical dynamic upset conditions in steam and boiler feedwater piping and in drain lines carrying mixed phase (water and vapor) flow. This paper discusses the simplified mathematics used in estimating loads to design disk spring restraints for such applications.

Assessment of Dynamic High Momentum Slug Loads on Piping Following STHE Tube Rupture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Weyer
Keyword(s):  
Slug Flow ◽  
Time History ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
High Momentum ◽  
Force Vector ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Process Piping

Abstract Transient fluid loads in process piping have gained renewed focus recently with the design and construction of many LNG plants. The case of the shockwave (waterhammer) in piping following the rupture of a tube in a STHE has been well studied. Less attention has been paid to the high momentum slug flow which can occur when liquid slugs are accelerated in the piping by the gas. This paper will examine some of the practical considerations for assessing the dynamic loads resulting from this high momentum slug flow. A method to obtain the force vector for any 3-dimensional change in direction will be presented. The use of DLFs for loads where a detailed time history profile is available will be discussed. The possibility of taking credit for simultaneously acting forces will be investigated. The applicability of the B31.3 allowable stress for occasional loads will be examined and compared against advanced finite element models using shell elements.

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