4D Printing of Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Protein‐Based Hydrogels for Autonomous Shape Transformations

The advancement in 3D printing has led to the rapid growth of 4D printing technology. Adding time, as the fourth dimension, this technology ushered the potential of a massive evolution in fields of biomedical technologies, space applications, deployable structures, manufacturing industries, and so forth. This technology performs ingenious design, using smart materials to create advanced forms of the 3-D printed specimen. Improvements in Computer-aided design, additive manufacturing process, and material science engineering have ultimately favored the growth of 4-D printing innovation and revealed an effective method to gather complex 3-D structures. Contrast to all these developments, novel material is still a challenging sector. However, this short review illustrates the basic of 4D printing, summarizes the stimuli responsive materials properties, which have prominent role in the field of 4D technology. In addition, the practical applications are depicted and the potential prospect of this technology is put forward.

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Additive manufacturing-enabled shape transformations via FFF 4D printing

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2018.397 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (24) ◽

pp. 4362-4376 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Abishera Ravichandra Rajkumar ◽

Kumar Shanmugam

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

4D Printing ◽

Shape Transformations ◽

Image Position

Abstract

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Control-Based 4D Printing: Adaptive 4D-Printed Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10093020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ali Zolfagharian ◽

Akif Kaynak ◽

Mahdi Bodaghi ◽

Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽

Saleh Gharaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Advanced Manufacturing ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Control Units ◽

Printed Sensors ◽

3D Printed ◽

Dynamic Structures ◽

And Control

Building on the recent progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing to produce dynamic structures, this study aimed to bring this technology to the next level by introducing control-based 4D printing to develop adaptive 4D-printed systems with highly versatile multi-disciplinary applications, including medicine, in the form of assisted soft robots, smart textiles as wearable electronics and other industries such as agriculture and microfluidics. This study introduced and analysed adaptive 4D-printed systems with an advanced manufacturing approach for developing stimuli-responsive constructs that organically adapted to environmental dynamic situations and uncertainties as nature does. The adaptive 4D-printed systems incorporated synergic integration of three-dimensional (3D)-printed sensors into 4D-printing and control units, which could be assembled and programmed to transform their shapes based on the assigned tasks and environmental stimuli. This paper demonstrates the adaptivity of these systems via a combination of proprioceptive sensory feedback, modeling and controllers, as well as the challenges and future opportunities they present.

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Breakthrough in the printing tactics for stimuli-responsive materials: 4D printing

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 366 ◽

pp. 264-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Prasansha Rastogi ◽

Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Keyword(s):

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Responsive Materials

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4D Printing: dawn of an emerging technology cycle

Assembly Automation ◽

10.1108/aa-07-2014-062 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 310-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Eujin Pei

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Content Type ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

Covering Material ◽

Definition Of ◽

New Applications ◽

External Stimuli

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to reviews state-of-the-art developments in four-dimensional (4D) printing, discuss what it is, investigate new applications that have been discovered and suggest its future impact. Design/methodology/approach – The article clarifies the definition of 4D printing and describes notable examples covering material science, equipment and applications. Findings – This article highlights an emerging technology cycle where 4D printing research has gained traction within additive manufacturing. The use of stimuli-responsive materials can be programmed and printed to enable pre-determined reactions when subject to external stimuli. Originality/value – This article reviews state-of-the-art developments in 4D printing, discusses what it is, investigates new applications that have been discovered and suggests its future impact.

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Sequential shapeshifting 4D printing: programming the pathway of multi-shape transformation by 3D printing stimuli-responsive polymers

Multifunctional Materials ◽

10.1088/2399-7532/abcbe1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 042002

Author(s):

Bangan Peng ◽

Yunchong Yang ◽

Kevin A Cavicchi

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Shape Transformation ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymers

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Recent progress in 4D printing of stimuli-responsive polymeric materials

Science China Technological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s11431-019-1443-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 532-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SuQian Ma ◽

YunPeng Zhang ◽

Meng Wang ◽

YunHong Liang ◽

Lei Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing

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4D Printing of Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

Journal of The Electrochemical Society ◽

10.1149/2.0411909jes ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 166 (9) ◽

pp. B3274-B3281 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raffaella Suriano ◽

Roberto Bernasconi ◽

Luca Magagnin ◽

Marinella Levi

Keyword(s):

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymers

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4D Printing Dual Stimuli-Responsive Bilayer Structure Toward Multiple Shape-Shifting

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2021.655160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Luquan Ren ◽

Bingqian Li ◽

Qingping Liu ◽

Lei Ren ◽

Zhengyi Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smart Materials ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Shape Memory Polymer ◽

Polyurethane Elastomer ◽

Bilayer Structure ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Swelling Characteristics ◽

Water Swelling ◽

Printing Method

4D printing has been attracting widespread attention because its shape and performance can change under stimuli. The existing 4D printing technology is mostly limited to responsive to single stimulus, which means that the printing structure can only change under a pre-specified stimulus. Here we propose a 4D printing strategy with dual stimuli-responsive shape-shifting that responds to both temperature and water, by using a direct ink writing 3D printing method to deposit a polyurethane elastomer material with water-swelling characteristics on a heat-shrinkage shape memory polymer material to form a bilayer structure. Based on the systematic study of the adapted printing parameters of the polyurethane elastomer, the effect of programmable variables on the deformation shape was investigated. The diversified printing structure exhibits rich structural changes under one or both of the two stimuli of temperature and water. This research provides a universal multiple stimuli-responsive 4D printing method, which can effectively improve the intelligent responsiveness of 4D printing structures by combining multiple smart materials.

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