Breakthrough in the printing tactics for stimuli-responsive materials: 4D printing

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to reviews state-of-the-art developments in four-dimensional (4D) printing, discuss what it is, investigate new applications that have been discovered and suggest its future impact. Design/methodology/approach – The article clarifies the definition of 4D printing and describes notable examples covering material science, equipment and applications. Findings – This article highlights an emerging technology cycle where 4D printing research has gained traction within additive manufacturing. The use of stimuli-responsive materials can be programmed and printed to enable pre-determined reactions when subject to external stimuli. Originality/value – This article reviews state-of-the-art developments in 4D printing, discusses what it is, investigates new applications that have been discovered and suggests its future impact.

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4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects

Acta Biomaterialia ◽

10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 19-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Yuan Siang Lui ◽

Wan Ting Sow ◽

Lay Poh Tan ◽

Yunlong Wu ◽

Yuekun Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Responsive Materials

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Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Sybele Saska ◽

Livia Pilatti ◽

Alberto Blay ◽

Jamil Awad Shibli

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

New Technology ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Advanced Materials ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

Bioresorbable Polymers

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.

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Selected Applications of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers: 4D Printing by the Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Fascicle XII Welding Equipment and Technology ◽

10.35219/awet.2020.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Y. Ahroni ◽

N. Dresler ◽

A. Ulanov ◽

D. Ashkenazi ◽

M. Aviv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colour Change ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymer ◽

Colour Changes ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymer

In the past few years four-dimensional (4D) printing technologies have attained worldwide interest and they are now considered the "next big thing". The aim of this research is to provide three selected examples of stimuli-responsive polymer (SRP) applications additively manufactured (AM) by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. To that end, a CCT BLUE filament of thermo-responsive polymer was chosen to produce a water temperature indicator, which changes colour from blue to white when temperature increases; a CCU RED filament of photo-responsive polymer was used to produce a sunlight / UV indicator bracelet; a transparent PLA CLEAR polymer, a CCU RED photo-responsive polymer, and an electrical conductive PLA polymer were selected to produce a smart business card stand. The temperature indicator capability was analysed based on examining colour changes as a function of temperature changes. The sunlight/UV indicator capability was analysed based on the inspection of colour change as a function of absorbed sun/ultraviolet light. The electrical conductivity of the conductive PLA polymer was examined by performing resistance measurements. All three objects were successfully produced and their functionality was demonstrated. We hope that these examples will catalyse the expansion of FFF 4D printed SRP applications, as much work remains to be done in designing the parts and developing FFF printing parameters that take advantage of the stimuli-responsive materials currently being developed for FFF technology.

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4D printing technology, modern era: A short review

International Journal of Energy Technology ◽

10.32438//ijet.203015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-111

Author(s):

Khodadad Mostakim ◽

Nahid Imtiaz Masuk ◽

Md. Rakib Hasan ◽

Md. Shafikul Islam

Keyword(s):

Smart Materials ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Short Review ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Space Applications ◽

Printing Technology ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Biomedical Technologies ◽

Novel Material

The advancement in 3D printing has led to the rapid growth of 4D printing technology. Adding time, as the fourth dimension, this technology ushered the potential of a massive evolution in fields of biomedical technologies, space applications, deployable structures, manufacturing industries, and so forth. This technology performs ingenious design, using smart materials to create advanced forms of the 3-D printed specimen. Improvements in Computer-aided design, additive manufacturing process, and material science engineering have ultimately favored the growth of 4-D printing innovation and revealed an effective method to gather complex 3-D structures. Contrast to all these developments, novel material is still a challenging sector. However, this short review illustrates the basic of 4D printing, summarizes the stimuli responsive materials properties, which have prominent role in the field of 4D technology. In addition, the practical applications are depicted and the potential prospect of this technology is put forward.

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Smart Polymers and their Applications: A Review

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ◽

10.25258/ijcprr.v8i03.9220 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Gore S. A. ◽

Gholve S. B. ◽

Savalsure S. M. ◽

Ghodake K. B. ◽

Bhusnure O. G. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Smart Polymers ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

Water Soluble Polymers ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Stimuli Sensitive ◽

External Stimuli

Smart polymers are materials that respond to small external stimuli. These are also referred as stimuli responsive materials or intelligent materials. Smart polymers that can exhibit stimuli-sensitive properties are becoming important in many commercial applications. These polymers can change shape, strength and pore size based on external factors such as temperature, pH and stress. The stimuli include salt, UV irradiation, temperature, pH, magnetic or electric field, ionic factors etc. Smart polymers are very promising applicants in drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture, gene carriers, textile engineering, oil recovery, radioactive wastage and protein purification. The study is focused on the entire features of smart polymers and their most recent and relevant applications. Water soluble polymers with tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are of increasing interest for biological applications such as cell patterning, smart drug release, DNA sequencing etc.

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Sensitive Mechanocontrolled Luminescence in Cross-Linked Polymer Films

10.26434/chemrxiv.9943943.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ayumu Karimata ◽

Pradnya Patil ◽

Eugene Khaskin ◽

Sébastien Lapointe ◽

robert fayzullin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stress ◽

Polymer Films ◽

Soft Matter ◽

Small Strain ◽

Visual Methods ◽

Photoluminescence Intensity ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Mechanical Stretching

Direct translation of mechanical force into changes in chemical behavior on a molecular level has important implication not only for the fundamental understanding of mechanochemical processes, but also for the development of new stimuli-responsive materials. In particular, detection of mechanical stress in polymers via non-destructive methods is important in order to prevent material failure and to study the mechanical properties of soft matter. Herein, we report that highly sensitive changes in photoluminescence intensity can be observed in response to the mechanical stretching of cross-linked polymer films when using stable, (pyridinophane)Cu-based dynamic mechanophores. Upon stretching, the luminescence intensity increases in a fast and reversible manner even at small strain (< 50%) and applied stress (< 0.1 MPa) values. Such sensitivity is unprecedented when compared to previously reported systems based on organic mechanophores. The system also allows for the detection of weak mechanical stress by spectroscopic measurements or by direct visual methods.<br>

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Redox-State Dependent Spectroscopic Properties of Porous Organic Polymers Containing Furan, Thiophene, and Selenophene

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch17335 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 1227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carol Hua ◽

Stone Woo ◽

Aditya Rawal ◽

Floriana Tuna ◽

James M. Hook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Redox State ◽

Spectroscopic Properties ◽

Structural Features ◽

Organic Polymers ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Porous Organic Polymers ◽

Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

State Dependent

A series of electroactive triarylamine porous organic polymers (POPs) with furan, thiophene, and selenophene (POP-O, POP-S, and POP-Se) linkers have been synthesised and their electronic and spectroscopic properties investigated as a function of redox state. Solid state NMR provided insight into the structural features of the POPs, while in situ solid state Vis-NIR and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroelectrochemistry showed that the distinct redox states in POP-S could be reversibly accessed. The development of redox-active porous organic polymers with heterocyclic linkers affords their potential application as stimuli responsive materials in gas storage, catalysis, and as electrochromic materials.

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Shape memory polymer network with thermally distinct elasticity and plasticity

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.1501297 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. e1501297 ◽

Cited By ~ 232

Author(s):

Qian Zhao ◽

Weike Zou ◽

Yingwu Luo ◽

Tao Xie

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Shape Change ◽

Shape Memory Polymer ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Responsive Materials ◽

Device Applications ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Rational Molecular Design

Stimuli-responsive materials with sophisticated yet controllable shape-changing behaviors are highly desirable for real-world device applications. Among various shape-changing materials, the elastic nature of shape memory polymers allows fixation of temporary shapes that can recover on demand, whereas polymers with exchangeable bonds can undergo permanent shape change via plasticity. We integrate the elasticity and plasticity into a single polymer network. Rational molecular design allows these two opposite behaviors to be realized at different temperature ranges without any overlap. By exploring the cumulative nature of the plasticity, we demonstrate easy manipulation of highly complex shapes that is otherwise extremely challenging. The dynamic shape-changing behavior paves a new way for fabricating geometrically complex multifunctional devices.

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