Activity budget, diet, and habitat use in the critically endangered Ka'apor capuchin monkey (Cebus kaapori) in Pará State, Brazil: A preliminary comparison to other capuchin monkeys

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. de Oliveira ◽  
Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro ◽  
Liza M. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Preliminary Comparison

scholarly journals Multi-scale habitat use analysis and interspecific Ecology of the Critically Endangered Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis nigrivestis

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTEBAN A. GUEVARA ◽  
ELISA BONACCORSO ◽  
JOOST F. DUIVENVOORDEN
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Competition Hypothesis

SummaryThe Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis nigrivestis is a hummingbird endemic to Ecuador and considered Critically Endangered, given its limited distribution, low population numbers, and ongoing habitat degradation. We investigated habitat use patterns using landscape and microhabitat variables. In addition, we explored a previously postulated competition hypothesis involving the Black-breasted Puffleg and the Gorgeted Sunangel Heliangelus strophianus. Our results suggest that landscape variables may play a role in the habitat selection process; specifically the distance to nearest forest border seems to have a significant effect on our habitat model. We speculate that, as the species is known to perform seasonal movements, the avoidance of forest border might reduce the physiological stress caused by altitudinal migration. At microhabitat level, Black-breasted Puffleg seems not sensitive to forest structure variables. Our findings suggest that ensuring forest tract connectivity, between the altitudinal extremes of the species’ range at the north-western flanks of the Pichincha volcano, might be crucial for survival of the species during its annual cycle. However, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicates that Black-breasted Puffleg and the Gorgeted Sunangel do not overlap spatially, but this finding is not conclusive considering our field observations.

Camera-trapping successfully and non-invasively reveals the presence, activity and habitat choice of the Critically Endangered White-winged Flufftail Sarothrura ayresi in a South African high-altitude wetland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 463-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN B. COLYN ◽  
ALASTAIR CAMPBELL ◽  
HANNELINE A. SMIT-ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Wetland Habitat

SummaryThe ‘Critically Endangered’ White-winged Flufftail Sarothrura ayresi is regarded as one of the rarest and most threatened rallids in Africa. Due to the species’ low density, habitat preference, cryptic colouration, elusive behaviour and lack of auditory cues has resulted in it being one of the most challenging species to survey using traditional methods such as auditory surveys and rope dragging. Numerous data deficiencies exist regarding facets of the species’ ecology, distribution, habitat-use and population status. A stratified array of nine camera localities was used within high-altitude palustrine wetland habitat to ascertain if this non-invasive technique could successfully document the first estimate of site occupancy, fine scale habitat use and activity patterns of this very rare species. Our study accumulated a total of 626 camera days and eight independent sightings of White-winged Flufftail across the respective austral summer season. Furthermore, our study confirms the applicability of camera trapping to other rare and elusive rallid species. Our results confirm that White-winged Flufftail is a low-density habitat specialist species, with site occupancy influenced positively by basal and canopy vegetation cover and detection probability influenced negatively by water depth within associated wetland habitats. Activity pattern analyses displayed that peak activity occurred at dawn and dusk, which yielded the highest degree of activity overlap with the only other migratory rallid recorded, Spotted Crake Porzana prozana. Our study also recorded the first apparent territorial display behaviour noted for the species. Our study supports the need for conservation initiatives focused on securing contiguous sections of suitable wetland habitat in order to accommodate the persistence of this globally threatened species.

scholarly journals The evolution of ecological flexibility, large brains, and long lives: capuchin monkey genomics revealed with fecalFACS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Orkin ◽  
Michael J. Montague ◽  
Daniela Tejada-Martinez ◽  
Marc de Manuel ◽  
Javier del Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ecological Flexibility

ABSTRACTEcological flexibility, extended lifespans, and large brains, have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, and comparative genomics offers an efficient and effective tool for generating new insights into the evolution of such traits. Studies of capuchin monkeys are particularly well situated to shed light on the selective pressures and genetic underpinnings of local adaptation to diverse habitats, longevity, and brain development. Distributed widely across Central and South America, they are inventive and extractive foragers, known for their sensorimotor intelligence. Capuchins have the largest relative brain size of any monkey and a lifespan that exceeds 50 years, despite their small (3-5 kg) body size. We assemble a de novo reference genome for Cebus imitator and provide the first genome annotation of a capuchin monkey. Through high-depth sequencing of DNA derived from blood, various tissues and feces via fluorescence activated cell sorting (fecalFACS) to isolate monkey epithelial cells, we compared genomes of capuchin populations from tropical dry forests and lowland rainforests and identified population divergence in genes involved in water balance, kidney function, and metabolism. Through a comparative genomics approach spanning a wide diversity of mammals, we identified genes under positive selection associated with longevity and brain development. Additionally, we provide a technological advancement in the use of non-invasive genomics for studies of free-ranging mammals. Our intra- and interspecific comparative study of capuchin genomics provides new insights into processes underlying local adaptation to diverse and physiologically challenging environments, as well as the molecular basis of brain evolution and longevity.SIGNIFICANCESurviving challenging environments, living long lives, and engaging in complex cognitive processes are hallmark characteristics of human evolution. Similar traits have evolved in parallel in capuchin monkeys, but their genetic underpinnings remain unexplored. We developed and annotated a reference assembly for white-faced capuchin monkeys to explore the evolution of these phenotypes. By comparing populations of capuchins inhabiting rainforest versus dry forests with seasonal droughts, we detected selection in genes associated with kidney function, muscular wasting, and metabolism, suggesting adaptation to periodic resource scarcity. When comparing capuchins to other mammals, we identified evidence of selection in multiple genes implicated in longevity and brain development. Our research was facilitated by our new method to generate high- and low-coverage genomes from non-invasive biomaterials.

scholarly journals Diverse habitat use during two life stages of the critically endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): community structure, foraging, and social interactions

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Price ◽  
William K. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Second Year

Our ability to prevent extinction in declining populations often depends on effective management of habitats that are disturbed through wildfire, logging, agriculture, or development. In these disturbed landscapes, the juxtaposition of multiple habitat types can be especially important to fledglings and young birds, which may leave breeding grounds in human-altered habitat for different habitats nearby that provide increased foraging opportunities, reduced competition, and higher protection from predators. In this study, we evaluated the importance of three habitat types to two life stages of the critically endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi), a synanthropic songbird endemic to Andros, The Bahamas. First, we determined the avian species composition and relative abundance of I. northropi among three major vegetation types on Andros: Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea) forest, coppice (broadleaf dry forest), and anthropogenic areas, dominated by nonnative vegetation (farmland and developed land). We then compared the foraging strategies and social interactions of two age classes of adult Bahama Orioles in relation to differential habitat use. Bird surveys late in the Bahama Oriole’s breeding season indicated the number of avian species and Bahama Oriole density were highest in coppice. Some bird species occurring in the coppice and pine forest were never observed in agricultural or residential areas, and may be at risk if human disturbance of pine forest and coppice increases, as is occurring at a rapid pace on Andros. During the breeding season, second-year (SY) adult Bahama Orioles foraged in all vegetation types, whereas after-second-year (ASY) adults were observed foraging only in anthropogenic areas, where the species nested largely in introduced coconut palms (Cocos nucifera). Additionally, SY adults foraging in anthropogenic areas were often observed with an ASY adult, suggesting divergent habitat use for younger, unpaired birds. Other aspects of foraging (vegetation features, food-gleaning behavior, and food items) were similar for the two age classes. Older Bahama Orioles exhibited relatively higher rates of social interactions (intraspecific and interspecific pooled) in anthropogenic areas, and won more interaction outcomes compared to younger adults. Our findings concur with those of other studies indicating dry broadleaf forest is vitally important to migrating, wintering, and resident birds, including the critically endangered Bahama Oriole, which appears to depend heavily on this vegetation type during certain life stages.

A Critically Endangered Capuchin Monkey (Sapajus xanthosternos) Living in a Highly Fragmented Hotspot

2013 ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rodrigues Canale ◽  
Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff ◽  
David John Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Critically Endangered

scholarly journals Amphibia, Anura, Calyptocephalellidae, Telmatobufo bullocki Schmidt, 1952: distribution extension, habitat use and geographic distribution map

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise S. Donoso ◽  
Claudio Correa Q. ◽  
Paula Henríquez ◽  
Nicolás F. Lagos ◽  
M. A. Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Area North ◽  
New Location

We report a new locality for Telmatobufo bullocki, a critically endangered amphibian endemic of Chile. This new location, Los Queules National Reserve, has high relevance on the conservation of this species because is the only known population in a protected area north of the Bío Bío River, situated in a region deeply modified for forestry and agriculture. Also, we included habitat descriptions and a detailed distribution map with all reported localities.

scholarly journals Habitat use of a critically-endangered species in a predator-free but degraded reserve in Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Winnard ◽  
Julian Di Stefano ◽  
Graeme Coulson
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

scholarly journals Habitat use of a Critically Endangered elasmobranch, the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis, in an intermittently flowing riverine nursery

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 211-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Whitty ◽  
J Keleher ◽  
BC Ebner ◽  
AC Gleiss ◽  
CA Simpfendorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Critically Endangered

scholarly journals Diverse habitat use during two life stages of the critically Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Community structure, foraging, and social interactions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R Price ◽  
William K Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Second Year

Our ability to prevent extinction in declining populations often depends on effective management of habitats that are disturbed through wildfire, logging, agriculture, or development. In these disturbed landscapes, the juxtaposition of multiple habitat types can be especially important to fledglings and young birds, which may leave breeding grounds in human-altered habitat for different habitats nearby that provide increased foraging opportunities, reduced competition, and higher protection from predators. In this study, we sought to better understand the importance of habitat diversity to two life stages of the critically endangered Bahama Oriole ( Icterus northropi ), a synanthropic songbird endemic to Andros, The Bahamas. First, we determined the avian species composition and relative abundance of the oriole among three major vegetation types on Andros: Caribbean pine ( Pinus caribaea ) forest, coppice (broadleaf dry forest), and anthropogenic areas, dominated by nonnative vegetation (farmland and developed land). We then compared the foraging strategies and social interactions of two age classes of adult orioles in relation to differential habitat use. Bird surveys late in the oriole’s breeding season indicated avian s pecies richness and oriole density were highest in coppice. Some bird species occurring in the coppice and pine forest were never observed in agricultural or residential areas, and may be at risk if human disturbance of pine forest and coppice increases, as is occurring at a rapid pace on Andros. During the breeding season, second-year (SY) adult orioles foraged in all vegetation types, whereas after-second-year (ASY) adults were observed foraging only in anthropogenic areas, where the species nested largely in introduced coconut palms ( Cocos nucifera ). Additionally, SY adults foraging in anthropogenic areas were often observed with an ASY adult, suggesting divergent habitat use for younger, unpaired birds. Other aspects of foraging (vegetation features, food-gleaning behavior, and food items) were similar for the two age classes. Older orioles exhibited relatively higher rates of social interactions (intraspecific and interspecific pooled) in anthropogenic areas, and won more interaction outcomes compared to youngeradults. Our findings concur with those of other studies indicating dry broadleaf forest is vitally important to migrating, wintering, and resident birds, including the critically endangered Bahama Oriole, which appears to depend heavily on this vegetation type during certain life stages.

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