Predation risk sensitivity and the spatial organization of primate groups: A case study using GIS in lowland Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii)

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Schmitt ◽  
Anthony Di Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Lagothrix Lagotricha ◽  
Woolly Monkeys

Design of experimental food patches to measure foraging intensity for octopus: a case study with the giant Pacific octopus Enteroctopus dofleini

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chancellor ◽  
David Scheel ◽  
Joel S Brown
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Intertidal Habitat ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Subtidal Habitat ◽  
Enteroctopus Dofleini ◽  
Nontarget Species

ABSTRACT In a study of the foraging behaviour of the giant Pacific octopus Enteroctopus dofleini, we designed two types of experimental food patches to measure habitat preferences and perceptions of predation risk. The first patch successfully measured giving-up densities (GUDs), confirmed by octopus prey presence and higher foraging at sites with historically greater octopus presence. However, nontarget foragers also foraged on these experimental food patches. Our second floating patch design successfully excluded nontarget species from subtidal patches, and from intertidal patches at high tide, but allowed for foraging by E. dofleini. The second design successfully measured GUDs and suggested that octopus preferred foraging in a subtidal habitat compared to an intertidal habitat. We ascribe the higher GUD in the intertidal habitat to its higher predation risk relative to the subtidal habitat. The second patch design seems well suited for E. dofleini and, in conjunction with a camera system, could be used to provide behavioural indicators of the octopus's abundance, perceptions of habitat quality and predation risk.

scholarly journals Research of urban agglomerations in the aspect of implementation of the administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine (case study of Kharkiv region)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Territorial Structure

In the modern context of, one of the main tasks in the regional development management is to optimally realize the complex potential of the territories, which requires a comprehensive study of the spatial structure and evolutionary potential of agglomerations of all levels in order to identify disparities in their development, correct imbalances and optimize the spatial organization of the region. The first step to solve this problem is to identify the spatial structure and evaluate the interconnections of agglomerations sequentially, from local to regional level. This is becoming more relevant in the context of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prospects for the development of urban agglomerations and the organization of the administrative and territorial structure of Kharkiv region in view of the prevailing influence of the city of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv agglomeration. The basic theoretical and methodological starting points of the study of urban agglomerations are presented; their characteristics and parameters of boundary determination were defined. The essence of the method of modeling of integral influence function (IIF modeling) was revealed, the author's research methodology was substantiated. The tendencies of introduction of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine were analyzed. It was established that Kharkiv region occupies mediocre places in terms of formation of the united territorial communities, there were 23 ones in the oblast (3 of them are city, 12 town, 8 rural ones) by the end of 2019. The scheme for dividing into enlarged districts has not yet been approved. According to different plans / proposals, the existing 27 districts of the oblast should be consolidated into nine, seven, six or four enlarged districts (counties). All of the above proposals were considered by the authors, it is established that the existing projects do not fully cover the main prevailing factors of allocation of competitive districts, do not take into account the role of historically formed system of settlement, spatial-statistical parameters, integral potential of territories, urbanization and agglomeration. The authors performed the IIF modeling and constructed the IIF surface of the weighted average settlement potential of Kharkiv region by the base radius of influence (2, 10, 20, and 30 km), which allowed to determine the features of the Kharkov agglomeration structure and the interaction of the settlements in the region by different radiuses of interaction, primary agglomerations, prospective growth points. On the basis of the obtained results of IIF modeling, the author's model of administrative and territorial division of Kharkiv region into eight enlarged districts was proposed, given the specific features of the settlement system and the correlation of area and population of the modeled administrative and territorial units. The scientifically grounded division of the region into enlarged districts (counties) and stimulation of their development will contribute to the most complete and rational use of the territories potential, increase of economic, human, investment potential, rise of the level and quality of life of the population, etc.

Strategic Visibility and the Production of Day-Labor Spaces: A Case Study from the San Diego Metropolitan Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Crotty
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Day Labor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Spatial Practices

In cities across the United States, groups of mostly men congregate in public and semipublic spaces in hopes of being hired for short-term work. The particular spaces where laborers congregate each day are crucial to their economic and social fortunes, yet to date, there is limited research examining the spatial organization of these sites. In this article, I draw on relational perspectives on the production of space and governmentality practices to examine day-labor hiring spaces in the San Diego Metropolitan Area. Drawing on more than seven years of mixed-methods research, I argue that laborers collectively employ strategic visibility: a set of spatial practices that reduces the potential for conflict and ensures laborers’ continued access to the particular spaces on which their survival depends. This analysis suggests that laborers’ site-selection and spatial practices are driven by pragmatic, economic concerns, rather than fear of interactions with policing agencies and/or anti-immigrant residents.

Influence of Arthropod and Fruit Abundance on the Dietary Composition of Highland Colombian Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha lugens)

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-257
Author(s):  
Manuel L. Fonseca ◽  
Diana M. Cruz ◽  
Diana C. Acosta Rojas ◽  
Johanna Páez Crespo ◽  
Pablo R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Fruit Abundance ◽  
Lagothrix Lagotricha ◽  
Woolly Monkeys

The Impact of Spatial Organization on Locating the Friday Mosques in the Traditional Islamic City-The Old Mosul City as a Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris A. Matloob ◽  
Ahmad B. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
People Movement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Early Islamic

Islamic city has its own character that distinguishes it from other urban environments. This is because it followed the Islamic ideology related to building the land. This led to that all cities built during early Islamic ages had followed the same principles in any part of the Islamic world. It is argued that the characteristics of the urban space configuration have a big role in making these cities successful environments. The key aspect in this matter is the distribution of land uses within the urban structure as it is directly associated with people movement and the distribution of their activities. The Friday mosques as the most important components of the Islamic city was located in a way that gave the city its own character. This study supposes that the distribution of the Friday mosques was affected by the way in which the urban space was configured. It aimed to find out to what extent this configuration influenced locating the Friday mosques in the urban fabric. Using space syntax as an analytical technique and the Old Mosul city as a case study, this research analyzed the spatial structure against several spatial characteristics with mosques locations to meet its goal.  

scholarly journals Humboldt's woolly monkeys decimated by hunting in Amazonia

Oryx ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Lagothrix Lagotricha ◽  
Woolly Monkeys

Humboldt's woolly monkeys Lagothrix lagotricha have been systematically hunted, mostly for food, to the point of becoming locally extinct wherever humans share their habitat. Remaining populations in the extensive lowland Amazonian range of this species are restricted to remote, unflooded terra firme forests. These populations are, however, quickly wiped out once access is opened by new roads. Terra firme forests, even in entirely undisturbed sites, are seasonally far less productive and can only sustain relatively low population densities. Woolly monkeys are currently more susceptible to hunting than perhaps any other vertebrate in the New World tropics and, as such, should be regarded as highly endangered.

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