people movement
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2022 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Alistair Fyfe

The COVID-19 pandemic created a historic disruption to contemporary society including how, where, and when we work. Given the ubiquity of human capital, most if not every society was crippled by the displacement of the workforce with historic impacts on productivity; GDP in the UK will be at its lowest in 300 years, requiring the largest peacetime debt accumulation in history. Stimulus packages occurred in many countries as a result of the inability to access the workplace, particularly school, restaurant, or travel. Airline travel in the US fell by a precipitous 93% at its nadir, the cruise industry collapsed, and trans-national crossing all but ceased to exist. Along with the freeze in people movement, supply chains were disrupted including components necessary for both treatment and vaccination. The shrinkage of the world we had grown up with became the catalyst for the first pandemic in a century.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gamaleldin

Structure fires are one of the main concerns for fire safety systems. The actual fire safety of a building depends on not only how it is designed and constructed, but also on how it is operated. Computational fluid dynamics software is the current solution to reduce the casualties in the fire circumstances. However, it consumes hours to provide the results in some cases that makes it hard to run in real-time. It also does not accept any changes after starting the simulation, which makes it unsuitable for running in the dynamic nature of the fire. On the other hand, the current evacuation signs are fixed, which might guide occupants and firefighter to dangerous zones.<div><br><div>In this research, we present a smoke emulator that runs in real-time to reflect what is happening on the ground-truth. This system is achieved using a light-weight smoke emulator engine, deep learning, and internet of things. The IoT sensors are sending the measurements to correct the emulator from any deviation and reflect events such as fire starting, people movement, and the door’s status. This emulator helps the firefighter by providing them with a map that shows the smoke development in the building. They can take a snapshot from the current status of the building and try different virtual evacuation and firefighting plans to pick the best and safest for them to proceed. The system will also control the exit signs to have adaptive exit routes that guide occupants away from fire and smoke to minimize the exposure time to the toxic gases<br></div></div>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gamaleldin

Structure fires are one of the main concerns for fire safety systems. The actual fire safety of a building depends on not only how it is designed and constructed, but also on how it is operated. Computational fluid dynamics software is the current solution to reduce the casualties in the fire circumstances. However, it consumes hours to provide the results in some cases that makes it hard to run in real-time. It also does not accept any changes after starting the simulation, which makes it unsuitable for running in the dynamic nature of the fire. On the other hand, the current evacuation signs are fixed, which might guide occupants and firefighter to dangerous zones.<div><br><div>In this research, we present a smoke emulator that runs in real-time to reflect what is happening on the ground-truth. This system is achieved using a light-weight smoke emulator engine, deep learning, and internet of things. The IoT sensors are sending the measurements to correct the emulator from any deviation and reflect events such as fire starting, people movement, and the door’s status. This emulator helps the firefighter by providing them with a map that shows the smoke development in the building. They can take a snapshot from the current status of the building and try different virtual evacuation and firefighting plans to pick the best and safest for them to proceed. The system will also control the exit signs to have adaptive exit routes that guide occupants away from fire and smoke to minimize the exposure time to the toxic gases<br></div></div>


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8011
Author(s):  
Ali Afghantoloee ◽  
Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi

Optimal sensor network deployment in built environments for tracking, surveillance, and monitoring of dynamic phenomena is one of the most challenging issues in sensor network design and applications (e.g., people movement). Most of the current methods for sensor network deployment and optimization are empirical and they often result in important coverage gaps in the monitored areas. To overcome these limitations, several optimization methods have been proposed in the recent years. However, most of these methods oversimplify the environment and do not consider the complexity of 3D architectural nature of the built environments specially for indoor applications (e.g., indoor navigation, evacuation, etc.). In this paper, we propose a novel local optimization algorithm based on a 3D Voronoi diagram, which allows a clear definition of the proximity relations between sensors in 3D indoor environments. This proposed structure is integrated with an IndoorGML model to efficiently manage indoor environment components and their relations as well as the sensors in the network. To evaluate the proposed method, we compared our results with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) algorithms. The results show that the proposed method achieved 98.86% coverage which is comparable to GA and CMA-ES algorithms, while also being about six times more efficient.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alicia Lawrie

<p>Whangarei City has a dying Commercial Centre. This has resulted from population shifts that have occurred over time. Significant issues have driven movement of people toward much larger cities (seeking better economic, cultural and social outcomes) and more spacious urban fringes (seeking improved environmental outcomes). The Whangarei CBD incorporates both the dying Commercial Centre and a thriving Town Basin which is the centre for Arts and Recreation within the city. The two areas are a juxtaposition. The investigation reveals reasons why two such contrasting areas exist and defines a design solution that seeks to resolve this and leverages the success of the Town Basin to revive the Commercial Centre. The aim of this thesis is to investigate ways that architecture can be used to invigorate Whangarei’s dying Commercial Centre by creating a place of activity, engagement and informal learning and by re-establishing the important connection Whangarei has with its river as well as other positives within the city.   Thesis objectives:  • Identify the reasons for the decline of the Commercial Centre and the success of the Town Basin and how a connection can be established between the two.  • Establish a beating heart within the dying Commercial Centre and provide a life source in the form of people movement into the centre from all parts of the city.  • Provide dynamic spaces which encourage informal learning, social interaction, playfulness and creativity that will engage the people of Whangarei including youth and children.  • Use the natural environment as a means of engaging people of all ages by weaving together water, a restored ecology and architecture.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alicia Lawrie

<p>Whangarei City has a dying Commercial Centre. This has resulted from population shifts that have occurred over time. Significant issues have driven movement of people toward much larger cities (seeking better economic, cultural and social outcomes) and more spacious urban fringes (seeking improved environmental outcomes). The Whangarei CBD incorporates both the dying Commercial Centre and a thriving Town Basin which is the centre for Arts and Recreation within the city. The two areas are a juxtaposition. The investigation reveals reasons why two such contrasting areas exist and defines a design solution that seeks to resolve this and leverages the success of the Town Basin to revive the Commercial Centre. The aim of this thesis is to investigate ways that architecture can be used to invigorate Whangarei’s dying Commercial Centre by creating a place of activity, engagement and informal learning and by re-establishing the important connection Whangarei has with its river as well as other positives within the city.   Thesis objectives:  • Identify the reasons for the decline of the Commercial Centre and the success of the Town Basin and how a connection can be established between the two.  • Establish a beating heart within the dying Commercial Centre and provide a life source in the form of people movement into the centre from all parts of the city.  • Provide dynamic spaces which encourage informal learning, social interaction, playfulness and creativity that will engage the people of Whangarei including youth and children.  • Use the natural environment as a means of engaging people of all ages by weaving together water, a restored ecology and architecture.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Beata Medyńska-Gulij ◽  
Tillmann Tegeler ◽  
Hans Bauer ◽  
Krzysztof Zagata ◽  
Łukasz Wielebski

Research on a specific topic requires the individualized cartographic methods of work that may be defined as the Realm of Maps. The double dimensionality in the Realm of Maps is understood here as a physical place—a studio workroom—and as a research method. In this study, we focused on the way of presenting a research method designed to study the topic of historico-geographical space in the form of a short film story. The second purpose is to indicate the legitimacy of combining two dimensions of working with maps, the real one and the virtual one, to be able to collect cartographic and descriptive sources in one scientific center. Our research on the Story from the Realm of Maps in Regensburg: ‘People Movement in Southeast Europe’ included a concept adopted by cartographical, historical, and geographical sources; the construction of a studio workroom; a script draft; individual sequences of the story in different types of media; editing the video, along with publishing it on an online video-sharing platform. We used as many different types of geomedia as possible, which, on the one hand, boosts the attractiveness of the film and, on the other, may hamper the proper perception of the main film plot. Finally, we recommend principles of map design for the film, with analog maps and maps created specifically for the short film, published using online video-sharing platforms.


Author(s):  
Кирилл Юрьевич Литвинцев ◽  
Александр Анатольевич Дектерев ◽  
Екатерина Сергеевна Кирик ◽  
Татьяна Брониславовна Витова

Текущая пандемия COVID-19 показала, что у принимающих решения органов власти отсутствуют инструменты, которые бы позволяли принимать обоснованные решения по введению карантинных мер, проведению/отмене массовых мероприятий в зданиях. Зачастую это приводит к введению либо избыточных (что вызывает ухудшение экономической ситуации), либо недостаточных мер (что приводит к ухудшению эпидемиологической ситуации). В настоящей статье дано описание математической основы и базовых принципов создания программного комплекса для оценивания вероятности заражения вирусной инфекцией, передающейся воздушно-капельным путем, в зданиях с массовым пребыванием людей The current COVID-19 pandemic has shown that decision-making authorities lack tools that would allow them to make informed decisions on the introduction of quarantine measures related to either holdingor canceling mass events in buildings. Often this leads either to the introduction of excessive (which leads to a worsening of the economic situation) or insufficient measures (which leads to a worsening of the epidemiological situation). This article describes the mathematical basic principles aimed at creating a software package for assessing the likelihood of contracting a viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets in massively occupied buildings. Evaluation of the likelihood of COVID-19 infection in public places is possible based on a joint analysis of the results of the people movement simulation, air circulation and the spread of aerosols from a carrier of the infection, taking into account the applied methods of protection (masks, ventilation). It is required to develop methods for assessing the danger of COVID-19 infection from a carrier of the virus and the methods of protection used (masks, ventilation) in specific public places. Simultaneously, the movement of people in accordance with the mode of operation, air movement (including ventilation systems) and the spread of respiratory aerosols needs to be accounted for


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