Social and geographical features of the formation of the intellectual potential of Chernivtsi oblast

The article studies the peculiarities of the formation of intellectual potential of Chernivtsi oblast by analyzing its components, and also analyzes the participation of students in student competitions in subjects and in the competition-defense of research works of students of the Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as their results. The analysis of gender peculiarities of students’ participation in the researched competitions is carried out, and also the geographical factors influencing formation of intellectual potential are considered. In 2019, there were 372 preschool educational institutions, 403 general secondary education institutions, 16 vocational education institutions and 16 higher education institutions in Chernivtsi oblast, which provided relevant educational services and formed the intellectual potential of the region. In Chernivtsi oblast in the 2019-2020 academic year, 1,814 students took part in the III stage of student academic competitions. The largest number of participants was observed at the academic competition in geography, Ukrainian language and literature, history and biology. In total, 845 participants took top places. The best results were shown by students of Chernivtsi, Storozhynets AH, Novoselytsia AH and students of Kelmentsi rayon. As for the all-Ukrainian competition-defense of research works, in 2020 378 students took part in the competition, of which 187 participants took top places. The best results, as in the academic competition, were demonstrated by students from Chernivtsi and Putyla rayon. Territorial differences in the development of intellectual potential occur under the influence of economic, demographic, legal, environmental, natural and other factors. The following indicators correlate most with the number of points scored by teams: the number of educational institutions in the rayon; share of new type of institutions (gymnasiums, lyceums, etc.); language of instruction. The gender structure of participants and winners of these intellectual competitions deserves a special attention. Girls predominate in the gender structure of participants and winners of the academic competition and defense competition in most subjects, especially in subjects of the philological and philosophical cycle, while the number of boys predominates in the academic competitions of the physical and mathematical cycle. Thus, in Chernivtsi oblast there is a significant differentiation between territorial and administrative units according to the results of the III stage of student academic competitions in basic disciplines and the competition-defense of scientific works of students-members of the Small Academy of Sciences.

Мonodevelopment of agricultural territorial systems: their territorial structure transformation

The article reveals a retrospective analysis of the concept of «agrarian territorial system» and clarifies the essence of the concept of "mono-agrarian territorial system". The features of their formation in the theory of social geography have been presented. It has been determined that the issue of research of agrarian territorial systems was actively paid attention by scientists of different branches of knowledge. However, the study of agricultural systems was carried out in the generalization of the behavior of the studied object to the process of monodevelopment. In this case, the digital expression of the process of monodevelopment as the dynamics of absolute data of a certain type, characterizing the highest level of generalization has been presented, as a rule, as an additional characteristic of the object of study. It has been proved that in the normative legal acts of Ukraine defining the essence of the concept of «rural area» there was a disordered heterogeneous, often contradictory conceptual and terminological apparatus. It is characterized by chaos and inconsistency in the process of its use in research and management. The development of rural areas due to the peculiarities of their development as monosystems of different hierarchical level has been considered. The development itself has been outlined as monodevelopment. It has been determined that any numerical characteristic of the territory is the starting point of a specific process of monodevelopment that takes place within it. Even without dynamic data, but comparing the starting points of the various processes of monodevelopment, we can assume how they proceed in the analysed area. Of great importance is the study of monoprocesses (generalized at the regional level) related to the use of natural resources of agricultural production, in particular the analysis of indicators of the value of agricultural products; the cost of agricultural products sold by enterprises; the number of employees in Ukraine in general and in agriculture, forestry and fisheries in particular; use of agricultural products. We proved that for full coverage of the characteristics of rural development is not enough to study the course of a single monoprotsesu within it, or several processes, but it is important to study them against the background of the territorial structure of agricultural systems that will make it possible to understand the nature of their development as mono process and identify features of formation agrarian territorial formations as monosystems. For the first time the category «monoagrarian locality» has been applied and its essence has been revealed.

The retrospection of Ukrainian human geography: attempt of the development periodization

The study is devoted to thorough justification of a new periodization model of human geography development in Ukraine on the base of objective functioning regularities of science. The topicality and relevance of the given research for the national science were reasoned in the context of absence of accredited development periodization of Ukrainian human geography. The diversity of views on the problem has been logically unified. All the internal factors of the human geography development were successfully taken into account with crucial attention, making the further possibility to ascertain the stages and periods of its formation in Ukraine in the streamline of core concepts, determining the methodological status of science at a certain stage. Actually, the human geography was under the deep analysis within the science forming process in Ukraine. It was proved the origin of human geography in Ukraine goes back to the last quarter of the XIX c., while its eventual arrangement is stated at the first quarter of the XX c. As for the process of institutionalization of geography as a separate branch of knowledge, integrating natural-geographical, demogeographical, ethno-geographical, political-geographical, and economic-geographical knowledge about the area of Ukraine, it took place at the beginning of the last century. The activity of S. Rudnytskyi was of a key role at that time. It is he who is considered the founder of the modern Ukrainian geography in general and of human geography in particular, taking into account European traditions as well as own intellectual potential. As a result of the author’s own approach, there were three stages differentiated with corresponding periods: stage 1: the end of the XIX c. – the beginning of the XX c.: 1873–1904; 1905–1917; 1918–1921. Stage 2 corresponds to mid XX c.: 1922–1933; 1934–1963; 1964–1990. Stage 3 stands for the end of the XX c. – the beginning of the XIX c. scilicet 1991–2020. The vital traits of each stage and period were clarified in succession; namely, all the theoretical achievements likewise scientific-educational centres and scientific schools were under all-embracing investigation. The specific focus laid upon the traits of scientific trends, concepts, and theories of foreign geography. Peculiarities of their impact on the development of Ukrainian human geography were the matter of entire estimation. In terms of analysis of trends and concepts of the foreign human geography development of the XIX – the beginning of the XXI c., the significance of the latter on the research human-geographical issues’ formation in Ukraine has been revealed in succession. The professionalization degree of the human-geographical science in Ukraine was deeply shown, primarily confirming the objectivity of the given periodization.

Geospative assessment of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of Europe

The theoretical and methodological foundations of trade and economic cooperation and their impact on the development of tourism and the service sector of the national economies of European countries are analyzed. The main factors of influence on the current state of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and European countries are characterized, including: the advantage of raw materials and products of a low level of processing; suspension of production in the occupied regions of Eastern Ukraine (Donetsk and Luhansk), deterioration of the conditions for attracting external financing; unstable economic and political situation, as well as depletion of international reserves. The article traces the factors of the basing of international trade, including the division of labor, provision of a favorable climate, land and labor force, provision of a high level of technology. The classification signs of trade and economic relations are presented: in terms of dynamics, structure, location, level of development of partner countries for trade. The factors of influence on the state of trade and economic cooperation and services of the national economies of the studied countries are given. The leading trade partners of Europe for Ukraine, their main commodity and raw materials exchange are analyzed. It was revealed that ferrous metals, electric machines, fats and oils of both animal and vegetable origin, nuclear fuel, boilers, machines, grain crops, ores, slags and ash dominate among Ukrainian merchandise exports. Among the services dominated by transportation services, services for the processing of material resources, services in the field of telecommunications, computer and information, business services, repair and maintenance services. Imports are dominated by mineral fuel, boilers and equipment for the electric power industry, products of other engineering enterprises, chemical products, etc. The regions of Ukraine were divided into groups according to the level of exports of goods and services to European countries, according to which Kherson and Chernivtsi regions have the lowest indicators European exports, 16 regions of Ukraine belong to the average export level.

Regional settlement systems in Ukraine: features of development in terms of decentralization reform

Administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine is an extremely important stage in the development of our country. Decentralization creates new challenges for the regions, gives local authorities new powers, duties and responsibilities. For a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities and prospects of decentralization reform, it is important to analyze the existing world experience in implementing of the similar regional development programs in different countries. The implementation of such reforms in highly developed and developed countries is usually more successful than in developing countries, mainly due to the unpreparedness of local governments to the transformation of socio-political relations. Domestic and foreign scholars who have researched the course of decentralization reform in Ukraine note that it is extremely important to make appropriate changes to the Constitution of Ukraine and consolidate them at the highest state level. Decentralization reform, of course, cannot be considered as a universal tool for solving all existing problems of Ukraine, but it is an extremely important step towards comprehensive development of our country, taking into account the needs of the state and regions, the specifics of each, and the possibility for more effective implementation of regional policy measures by expanding the powers of local authorities. Thus, according to the new division, the largest districts in terms of population, the centers of which are the largest cities in Ukraine: Kharkiv, Odesa and Dnipro, which account for 4.8%, 3.8% and 3.2% of the population of the country's districts, respectively. Zaporizhia district of Zaporizhia region, Lviv district of Lviv region account for 2.4-2.1% of the population. Based on the cluster analysis of 119 newly formed districts of Ukraine by the Ward method, according to 24 indicators as of 2020, 8 clusters were identified. Cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine by a similar method according to the level of urbanization allowed to identify 6 clusters. The established features should be taken into account in forming plans and programs of regional development, which should be scientifically substantiated, take into account the peculiarities of decentralization of power and contribute to improving the level and quality of life of the population.

Peculiarities of using geoinformation systems in training оf future geography specialists in higher education institutions

The article analyzes the peculiarities of using geoinformation systems in the educational process in higher education institutions and substantiates the need to study them in the training of a bachelor of geography (specialty 106 Geography). The connection of geoinformation systems (GIS) with other disciplines has been established. The topics of pre-geoinformation disciplines mastering of which will help students to acquire GIS technology without hindrance are described. The market of modern GIS packages, the use of which will help future specialists in geography to acquire GIS technology is analyzed. The classification of software products (GIS package ArcGIS, MapInfo Professional, «Panorama 1») («Map 2011»), «Digitals», GeoDraw (Geograf), AutoCad Map 3D, SAGA GIS, GRASS GIS, ILWIS, MapWindow GIS), indicating functionality and tools of GIS packages is given. The possibilities of open programs are also presented; they can be used in the educational process (PhotoFiltre (mapping), XnView (viewing), Picasa (adding geotagging with which you can specify the capture area of any photo, using Google Earth and Google maps), Quantum GIS (can be used as the main platform for teaching students how to implement GIS and how to create the highest quality maps), Google Earth network services (electronic globe), ArcGIS Online (used to manage and share maps and geographic information), Golden SoftWare (Surfer) (universal mapping software that runs on Microsoft Windows and is used to quickly and accurately erase map surfaces and convert the provided data into contour, relief or post maps, three-dimensional surfaces, 3D frames or vector graphics). The main models of data presentation, due to which the work of GIS can be realized, are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of using these models are indicated. The main competencies that future geographers should acquire during the study of the discipline «Geographic Information Systems and Databases» are identified, which will give foundations for the formation of a sufficient level of a competitive geography specialist.

First teachers in Myron Korduba`s formation as a geographer

The purpose of the publication – to discover the role of the first teachers of Professor Myron Korduba (1876 - 1947) in his formation as a geographer-scientist, teacher-innovator, on the basis of the study of little-known archival and literary sources. The study is about the contribution of Myron Korduba’s first thirteen teachers, who through their scientific and pedagogical activity during the years 1885 – 1905 influenced his formation of geographical views and worldview. It is found out that the vast majority of his mentors were classical geographers by profession after graduation from leading European universities. The scientific and pedagogical levels of Myron Korduba’s teachers, the versatility of their geographical approaches and research findings were noted.

Evaluation of socio-economic indicators of administrative regions of Transcarpathian region in the context of construction of recreation-tourism infrastructure

The article analyzes the attractiveness of the recreational territories of Transcarpathian region in terms of the development of recreational and tourist infrastructure, based on the analysis of socio-economic indicators using the methodology of fuzzy logic. It is noted that the Transcarpathian region is an important tourist region of both Western Ukraine and Central Europe as a whole. The recreation zones of Transcarpathia have been systematized according to the prospect of development of recreational and tourist infrastructure. It is revealed the influence of such indicators on the prospects of development of recreational and tourist infrastructure as visitation of recreational territories by tourists, the volume of provided recreational and tourist services, the density of roads, the number of persons not employed, average monthly salary of full-time employees. Strengths and weaknesses of each administrative district of the region in relation to the development of recreational and tourist infrastructure are outlined. The administrative districts as a whole are ranked. It is established that the most promising recreational areas for the development of recreational and tourist infrastructure are Mukachevo, Berehiv and Svalyava. These territories, in addition to favorable socio-economic factors, also have unique recreational and tourist resources: mineral and thermal waters of various types, castles, palaces, architectural ensembles of city centers. Khust, Rakhiv and Mizhhirya recreation areas are developing at a significant rate. In Uzhgorod, however, there is a phenomenon of excessive supply of recreational and tourist services. The development’ problems of the recreational sphere of the Transcarpathian region are highlighted, in particular, the unsatisfactory condition of the road infrastructure, as well as the uneven socio-economic development of the region as a whole. Priority tasks of further infrastructural development of the Transcarpathian region are the socio-economic status of the administrative districts of the region, as well as study the problem of boundary load on natural and anthropogenic complexes of the region in order to achieve balanced development of territories.

Methods and approaches of determining the boundaries of agglomerations (basic case Kharkiv region)

Changes in social relations in Ukraine, its transition to a post-industrial society, structural changes in regional development lead in modern conditions to changes in the territorial organization of society, which directly affects the trends of regional development. The highest form of territorial organization of society are agglomerations – uban agglomerations. Defining the boundaries of agglomerations is an important step in the process of studying agglomerations and managing regional development, because it is necessary to clearly understand the territory to which the administrative influence should extend and the number of city councils whose activities should be coordinated in implementing regional policy. The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing methods, approaches and techniques for determining the boundaries of agglomerations, development of an algorithm for establishing the boundaries of agglomerations and its testing on the materials of the Kharkiv region. The main theoretical and methodological starting points of delimitation of agglomeration boundaries are presented, approaches, methods and techniques, their quantitative and qualitative criteria, indicators, etc. are determined. The author 's algorithm for establishing agglomeration boundaries is substantiated, initial positions, key indicators, coefficients and indices are indicated. The proposed algorithm was tested on the materials of Kharkiv region. It is established that the Kharkiv agglomeration is monocentric and well formed. The development coefficient of the Kharkiv urban agglomeration is 30.7, the agglomeration coefficient is 0.13, the agglomeration index is 0.25, which confirms the high level of development of this agglomeration and the significant polarizing effect of the city of Kharkiv. The applied indicators of concentration and population density, transport accessibility, allowed to establish that the Kharkiv agglomeration has a powerful organizational center of development - the city of Kharkiv, the polarizing effect of which is more pronounced in two districts – Kharkiv and Dergachiv, which form the central zone of the agglomeration. The center of the agglomeration is connected with remote centers of peripheral areas by radial-radial connections by transport and other types of connections, which forms an external zone consisting of Bohodukhiv, Valkiv, Vovchansk, Zmiiv, Zolochiv, Novovodolazk, Pecheneg and Chuhuiv districts. Based on the study, based on the principle of superposition, the author's vision of delimitation of the Kharkiv agglomeration in 2019 is presented. The zone of influence of organizational functions of the center extends to a radius of 70 km, but there are significant territorial disparities in the center and periphery. The city of Kharkiv assumes most of the functions: administrative, economic, social, infrastructural and recreational, which to some extent hinders the development of small towns that are part of the agglomeration. The strengths of the Kharkiv agglomeration are indicated, as well as the priority directions of development are singled out. Given that the Kharkiv agglomeration is monocentric, and within it, as in the region there is a sharp uneven development of the center and periphery, effective management and addressing the hypertrophied development of the city, spatial planning and infrastructure development will alleviate this situation and facilitate the transition of the region. to the polycentric model of spatial organization, respectively, and the reduction of territorial disparities in the level and quality of life of the population of the Kharkiv region.

The peculiarities of Rivne region tourism infrastructure functioning

In the article, the current state and peculiarities of Rivne region tourism infrastructure functioning have been analysed; the perspective directions of development have been defined. The main elements of tourism infrastructure are as follows: hotel restaurant businesses, trade establishments, tourism enterprises, transport connection, gas and petrol stations, means of communication, culture and entertainment establishments, bank system etc. Among the places of accomodations, children summer health and leisure enterprises dominate – 126, hotels and analogous means of accomodations comprise 15, other enterprises -3. The summary number of places is 1858. The restaurant sphere of the region is rather developed. In Rivnenschina, cafеs prevail – 798, cafeterias comprise 245, bars – 172, restaurants – 64, other enterprises – 241. 116 tourism enterprises conduct tourism activity. Among them 3 tour operators, 104 tour agents and 9 participants conducting excursion activity. The highest concentration of the tourism activity participants is observed in Rivne, Varash, Dubno, and in Rivne region. The network of cultural educational institutions comprises 2 regional theaters – Academic Ukrainian Music and Drama Theatre and Puppet Theatre, Regional Philharmonia, 590 public and public school libraries, 671 clubs and houses of culture, 5 cinemas, 14 state museums and historic cultural reserves, the Reginal Folk Art Center, the Culture and Rest Park and the Zoo. Economic complex and the country's population transport service are conducted by the three means of transportation: automobile, railway and air. The best tourism infrastructure provision is in Rivne, Dubno, Varash, Ostroh, and also in Rivne, Volodymyrets, Sarny, Bereznivs'k regions. The important directions of development are existant TI element improvement and creation of new ones, investation involvement, the Rivne Region international tourism market entrance.