Subchondral bone changes in patients with early degenerative joint disease

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone, being a leading cause of disability.

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Correlation between histopathologic and radiological changes in articular cartilage of the knee joint with degenerative joint disease

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20164795 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 450

Author(s):

Hakan Cift ◽

Ali Seker ◽

Bulent Kilic ◽

Murat Demiroglu ◽

Asli Erdogan Cakir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subchondral Bone ◽

The Elderly ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Lateral Condyle ◽

Replacement Procedure ◽

Tibial Condyle ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is among the most common disabling diseases which may cause pain and decrease in functional status. It is the commonest form of arthritis and is most prevalent in the elderly, with 50% of adults aged 65-75 years and almost 70% of those 75+ years suffer from this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate consistency of radiologic findings with histomorphologic structure of bone in patients with severe gonarthrosis.Methods: 62 knees of 57 patients over 60 years old who had stage 3-4 gonarthrosis according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification were included in the study. Patients were separated into two groups as having stage 3 or stage 4 gonarthrosis. All the patients underwent total knee replacement procedure. During the operation distal femoral medial/lateral condyle and proximal tibial medial/lateral plateau were removed and sent to histologic examination for the measurement of thickness of cartilage layer and subchondral bone, number and thickness of trabeculae, space between two trabeculae.Results: Average thickness of subchondral bone was measured at stage 3 gonarthrosis and at stage 4 gonarthrosis. Only the difference between medial tibial condyle values of two groups was statistically significant. Average trabecula thickness was measured both at stage 3 and at stage 4 gonarthrosis. Only the difference between lateral tibial condyle values of two groups was statistically significant. Furthermore, as for the number of trabeculas and cavity between trabeculae, a significant difference couldn’t be found.Conclusions: Despite having radiological differences two groups can be said to show similar histopathological characteristics.

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The Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol Supplementation on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16162897 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 2897 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kok-Yong Chin ◽

Sok Kuan Wong ◽

Fadhlullah Zuhair Japar Sidik ◽

Juliana Abdul Hamid ◽

Nurul Hafizah Abas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Sham Group ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Joint Protection ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽

Inflammatory Component

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which primarily affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bones. Since there is an underlying localized inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, compounds like tocotrienol with anti-inflammatory properties may be able to retard its progression. This study aimed to determine the effects of oral tocotrienol supplementation on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (three-month-old) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were induced with osteoarthritis (single injection of MIA at week 0) and another served as the sham group. Three of the four groups with osteoarthritis were supplemented with annatto tocotrienol at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day orally for five weeks. At week 5, all rats were sacrificed, and their tibial-femoral joints were harvested for analysis. The results indicated that the groups which received annatto tocotrienol at 100 and 150 mg/kg/day had lower histological scores and cartilage remodeling markers. Annatto tocotrienol at 150 mg/kg/day significantly lowered the osteocalcin levels and osteoclast surface of subchondral bone. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol may potentially retard the progression of osteoarthritis. Future studies to confirm its mechanism of joint protection should be performed.

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Brachygnathia Superior and Degenerative Joint Disease: A New Lethal Syndrome in Angus Calves

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588702400208 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 148-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Jayo ◽

H. W. Leipold ◽

S. M. Dennis ◽

F. E. Eldridge

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Histochemical Analysis ◽

Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Palatine Bone

Brachygnathia superior and generalized diarthrodial degenerative joint disease were seen in 17 related, purebred Angus calves ranging in age from 2 days to 4 months. Craniometrical studies revealed decreased maxillary and palatine bone lengths and increased cranial, skull, and facial indices. Radiological evaluation of major appendicular joints demonstrated lipping of the joint margins with osteophyte formation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and narrowing of joint spaces. Synovial fluid evaluation indicated joint degeneration but no etiologic agent. Rheumatoid factor analysis of plasma was negative. Grossly, all major appendicular joints were defective including the atlanto-occipital articulation. Lesions ranged from loss of surface luster to erosions and deep ulcers with eburnation of the subchondral bone and secondary proliferative synovitis. Histological changes were degeneration of the articular cartilage matrix, chondrocyte necrosis, flaking and fibrillation, chondrone formation, erosions and ulcers of the articular cartilage with subchondral bone sclerosis, vascular invasion with fibrosis, and chronic, nonsuppurative, proliferative synovitis. Growth plates had defective chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy with aberrant ossification of calcified cartilaginous matrix. Histochemical analysis of cartilage and bone failed to incriminate which component was defective, glycosaminoglycan or collagen, but indicated different distribution or absence of one or the other. Genealogic studies revealed a genetic basis for the new defect.

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Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8934 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yutao Yang ◽

Peiran Li ◽

Songsong Zhu ◽

Ruiye Bi

Keyword(s):

Subchondral Bone ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Cartilage Degeneration ◽

The Elderly ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Bone Change ◽

Subchondral Bone Change

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the major cause of joint pain and disability in the elderly. It is mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. There are two main types of OA: natural occurring OA and secondary OA, mainly associated with aging and trauma, respectively. In this study, we established two OA models in rat knee joints to simulate the two types of OA, using the type II collagenase injection (CI) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), respectively. After intervention for 2–6 weeks, cartilage and subchondral bone changes were detected in histological staining, immunochemistry, and micro-CT. Results showed that both models with typical pathology changes of OA were successfully induced, while the development and severity of OA process in the models were different. In ACLT rats, the cartilage damage was milder, lasted for a shorter time, and subchondral bone reconstruction occurred earlier, compared with the changes in CI rats. The cartilage damage was secondary to subchondral bone change in ACLT rats, while subchondral bone change was secondary to cartilage degeneration in CI rats. In conclusion, the interaction between cartilage and subchondral bone is different between the natural-occurring and secondary OA models. These two models not only suggest potential different mechanisms of the two types of OA, but also provide new directions for OA treatment and prevention.

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Quantitative MRI Analysis of the Talocrural and Talonavicular Joints in Ballet Dancers

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science ◽

10.12678/1089-313x.031521f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Toshimi Tando ◽

Saya Horiuchi ◽

Hon J. Yu ◽

Alex Luk ◽

Jeffrey A. Russell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subchondral Bone ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Quantitative Mri ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Talonavicular Joint ◽

Mr Images ◽

Chronic Injury ◽

Ballet Dancers ◽

Quantitative Measurements

The ankles of ballet dancers are routinely under heavy loading that may lead to osteoarthritic changes. It would be clinically useful to identify such pathology as early as possible in a dancer's career. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare quantitative measurements in magnetic resonance (MR) images of the talocrural and talonavicular joints in ballet dancers and healthy non-dancers for use in formulating prediction of chronic injury and degenerative joint disease in these locations. Quantitative measurements in MR images of the talocrural and talonavicular joints were compared in 10 female ballet dancers, 10 healthy female non-dancers, and nine male ballet dancers. Fat-suppressed density-weighted proton, T1rho, and T2 mapping images were acquired with a 3.0 T MR scanner. Medial and lateral subchondral bone distance between the tibia and talus (MSBD and LSBD), axial navicular-talus axis angle (ANT angle), sagittal talar neck angle against the posterior talocalcaneal joint (TN angle), and curvature of navicular surface at the talonavicular joint were measured on sagittal images. The medial subchondral bone distance was found to be significantly larger in female dancers than female non-dancers (4.05 mm vs. 2.75 mm, p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in LSBD (2.63 mm vs. 2.63 mm, p = 0.87). Axial navicular talus angles in female dancers were significantly larger than those in female non-dancers (38.9° vs. 24.3°, p < 0.05). There was a tendency for the TN angle to be smaller and navicular curvature (NC) to be larger in female dancers compared to female non-dancers, though the differences were not significant (TN angle: 16.6° vs. 22.3°, p = 0.09, and NC: 0.186 vs. 0.165, p = 0.28). There were no significant differences in T1rho or T2 values of talonavicular joint cartilage. These results show that the bony anatomy of dancers' ankles may adapt to the stresses placed on them by ballet.

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Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. annrheumdis-2020-218089

Author(s):

Wenhui Hu ◽

Yueqi Chen ◽

Ce Dou ◽

Shiwu Dong

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Bone Destruction ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cell Types ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Cellular Interactions ◽

Bone Microenvironment

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease in the elderly. Although OA has been considered as primarily a disease of the articular cartilage, the participation of subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of OA has attracted increasing attention. This review summarises the microstructural and histopathological changes in subchondral bone during OA progression that are due, at the cellular level, to changes in the interactions among osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts (OCs), endothelial cells and sensory neurons. Therefore, we focus on how pathological cellular interactions in the subchondral bone microenvironment promote subchondral bone destruction at different stages of OA progression. In addition, the limited amount of research on the communication between OCs in subchondral bone and chondrocytes (CCs) in articular cartilage during OA progression is reviewed. We propose the concept of ‘OC–CC crosstalk’ and describe the various pathways by which the two cell types might interact. Based on the ‘OC–CC crosstalk’, we elaborate potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA, including restoring abnormal subchondral bone remodelling and blocking the bridge—subchondral type H vessels. Finally, the review summarises the current understanding of how the subchondral bone microenvironment is related to OA pain and describes potential interventions to reduce OA pain by targeting the subchondral bone microenvironment.

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Apportionment of Impairment from Meniscal Tears and Knee Arthritis

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.sepoct01 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles N. Brooks ◽

James B. Talmage

Keyword(s):

Medial Meniscus ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Meniscal Tears ◽

Knee Arthritis ◽

Degenerative Arthritis ◽

Study Results ◽

Physical Findings ◽

Causation Analysis

Abstract Meniscal tears and osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis, degenerative arthritis, or degenerative joint disease) are two of the most common conditions involving the knee. This article includes definitions of apportionment and causes; presents a case report of initial and recurrent tears of the medial meniscus plus osteoarthritis (OA) in the medial compartment of the knee; and addresses questions regarding apportionment. The authors, experienced impairment raters who are knowledgeable regarding the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), show that, when instructions on impairment rating are incomplete, unclear, or inconsistent, interrater reliability diminishes (different physicians may derive different impairment estimates). Accurate apportionment of impairment is a demanding task that requires detailed knowledge of causation for the conditions in question; the mechanisms of injury or extent of exposures; prior and current symptoms, functional status, physical findings, and clinical study results; and use of the appropriate edition of the AMA Guides. Sometimes the available data are incomplete, requiring the rating physician to make assumptions. However, if those assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the medical literature and facts of the case, if the causation analysis is plausible, and if the examiner follows impairment rating instructions in the AMA Guides (or at least uses a rational and hence defensible method when instructions are suboptimal), the resulting apportionment should be credible.

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3. Degenerative joint disease

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1053/apmr.2000.0810s67 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 81 (3B) ◽

pp. s67-s72

Author(s):

Victoria A. Brander ◽

Darryl L. Kaelin ◽

Terry H. Oh ◽

Peter A.C. Lim

Keyword(s):

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease

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Osteotomy for Correction of Premature Growth Plate Closure in 24 Dogs

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633134 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C.W. Miller ◽

P.W. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Corrective Osteotomy ◽

Functional Results ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Angular Deformity ◽

Dynamic Correction ◽

Age At Surgery ◽

Limb Deformities ◽

The Mean ◽

A Prospective Study

SummaryTwenty-four dogs (27 limbs) were evaluated after surgery for correction of forelimb angular limb deformities. Partial ulnar ostectomies or definitive corrective osteotomies were performed depending upon the age of the dog. According to owner assessment nine of fourteen limbs were considered functionally good, or excellent, after partial ulnar ostectomies. Younger dogs appeared to have better functional results after dynamic correction with the mean age at surgery of dogs with good to excellent results being 6.5 months contrasted to the mean age at surgery of dogs with fair to poor results being 9.75 months. Ten of fourteen limbs were considered functionally good or excellent after definitive corrective osteotomy. One dog had definitive osteotomy after partial ulnar ostectomy in order to further correct a residual angular deformity. However, 58% of the limbs with radiographic follow-up had signs of degenerative joint disease (DJD). There were not significant differences between neither degree of angulation remaining after surgery and the functional result nor the degree of angulation remaining after surgery and the development of DJD. A prospective study is warranted to more objectively assess the efficacy of surgical correction of angular limb deformities in dogs.Twenty-four dogs were evaluated after surgery for correction of forelimb angular limb deformities. The results are described.

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