Pre- and peri-operative factors influence autogenous tooth transplantation healing in insufficient bone sites

Background The amount of bone remaining at the transplant site for autogenous tooth transplantation can facilitate successful healing. Therefore, this retrospective study evaluated the factors influencing the healing of 50 successful autogenous tooth transplantations with insufficient bone support at the transplanted site without a bone graft. Methods The factors were classified as pre- and peri-operative factors, and the healing outcomes were clinical and radiographic observations. The factors were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test to identify correlations between the pre- and peri-operative factors and the clinical and radiographic outcomes. The T-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the percent bone change in each factor. Results The results indicated that gingival healing was delayed in the intra-arch transplantations, and pulp obliteration was seen earlier when transplanted in the maxilla. Patients under 18-years-old demonstrated a greater percent bone change than the over 18-year-old patients, while the peri-operative variables did not have a relationship with clinical healing and the amount of bone change over 12 months. Furthermore, the percent bone change significantly increased during the first three months. Conclusions In conclusion, pre-operative factors, age and transplant site, influenced the healing rate of autogenous transplanted teeth. In contrast, the peri-operative factors were not related with the clinical and radiographic outcomes. Generating the least trauma to the periodontal ligament cells is the most important concern.

The bone flare phenomenon during the treatment of bone metastases of lung adenocarcinoma

Background The bone flare phenomenon, defined as an increase in bone lesion activity, is a kind of benign bone change in response to ongoing tumor treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time, incidence, and clinical significance of bone flare in lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases, as well as to observe the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase ALP and serum calcium Ca^2+ in patients with bone flare phenomenon.Methods Fifty-seven patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who participated in the anti-tumor clinical trials from December 2017 to December 2019 in Linyi Cancer Hospital were included in the study. The CT (computed tomography, CT) images, serum ALP and Ca^2+ from all patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among a total of 57 patients, 28 were male, and 29 were female. The median age was 62 years (33–75 years), and 30 of them had bone metastases at baseline. Forty-six EGFR negative patients received platinum-based dual-drug chemotherapy or bevacizumab or combined with PD-1 antibody inhibitors, and 11 EGFR positive patients received targeted EGFR inhibitors. The bone flare was detected in 7 out of 30 patients with bone metastases at baseline (5 patients in the combined chemotherapy group and two patients in the targeted treatment group). The incidence of bone flare was 23.33% (7 / 30). The median time was 45 days after treatment (from 41 days to 120 days), and most of them occurred in the early stages of the treatment.

Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate alveolar bone change in relation to root position change after maxillary incisor retraction via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using stable skeletal structures as a reference. Materials and Methods A total of 17 subjects (age 24.7 ± 4.4 years) who required retraction of the maxillary incisors were included. Labial and palatal alveolar bone changes and root change were assessed from preretraction and 3 months postretraction CBCT images. The reference planes were based on stable skeletal structures. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare changes within and between groups, as appropriate. Spearman rank correlations were used to identify the parameters that correlated with alveolar bone change. The significance level was set at .05. Results The labial alveolar bone change after maxillary incisor retraction was statistically significant (P < .05), and the bone remodeling/tooth movement (B/T) ratio was 1:1. However, the palatal bone remained unchanged (P > .05). The change in inclination was significantly related to labial alveolar bone change. Conclusions Using stable skeletal structures as a reference, the change in labial alveolar bone followed tooth movement in an almost 1:1 B/T ratio. Palatal alveolar bone did not remodel following maxillary incisor retraction. The change in inclination was associated with alveolar bone change.

Bone Mineralization Changes in the Subchondral Bone of the Medial Gutter in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) induces osteoarthritis (OA) by inflicting abnormal stresses on the medial gutter. It is important to detect early OA change and to explore factors likely to induce the OA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate subchondral bone change in the medial gutter of CAI using computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Thirty-five ankles with CAI (CAI group) and 35 ankles without CAI (control group) were included. The region of interest (ROI) in the subchondral bone of the medial gutter on CT axial images was set on the tibia and talus. The Hounsfield unit (HU) in ROIs was measured and corrected by the HU of the fibula in the same slice. HU ratios were compared between the CAI and control groups. In the CAI group, the relationship between the HU ratio and the talar tilt angle (TTA), OA change, and the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) remnant quality were analyzed. Results: The mean HU ratio in the CAI group was significantly higher than that in the control. In the CAI group, HU ratios in ≥10 degrees of TTA were significantly higher than those in <10 degrees. But there was no significant difference in the HU ratios with or without OA change in the medial gutter. A good-quality ATFL remnant showed a low HU ratio compared with that with poor quality. Conclusion: CAI patients exhibited subchondral bone change in the medial gutter, which suggests that the elimination of instability may help to prevent or decrease the development and/or progression of osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the major cause of joint pain and disability in the elderly. It is mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. There are two main types of OA: natural occurring OA and secondary OA, mainly associated with aging and trauma, respectively. In this study, we established two OA models in rat knee joints to simulate the two types of OA, using the type II collagenase injection (CI) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), respectively. After intervention for 2–6 weeks, cartilage and subchondral bone changes were detected in histological staining, immunochemistry, and micro-CT. Results showed that both models with typical pathology changes of OA were successfully induced, while the development and severity of OA process in the models were different. In ACLT rats, the cartilage damage was milder, lasted for a shorter time, and subchondral bone reconstruction occurred earlier, compared with the changes in CI rats. The cartilage damage was secondary to subchondral bone change in ACLT rats, while subchondral bone change was secondary to cartilage degeneration in CI rats. In conclusion, the interaction between cartilage and subchondral bone is different between the natural-occurring and secondary OA models. These two models not only suggest potential different mechanisms of the two types of OA, but also provide new directions for OA treatment and prevention.

Immediate implant placement in anterior teeth with grafting material of autogenous tooth bone vs xenogenic bone

Background The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the autogenous tooth bone and xenogenic bone grafted in immediate implant placement with bone defect. Methods Thirty patients whose compromised anterior teeth need immediate implant placement were enrolled. Autogenous tooth bone made from the extracted teeth by chair-side or the xenogenic bone were used to repaired bone defect. Clinical examination, radiographic assessment about the horizontal bone change in the level of 0 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm below the implant neck and the marginal bone loss were made immediately, 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Questionnaire of the feelings about the surgery were made at the time of removing the sutures. Results All implants achieved the success criteria without any complications at the follow-up period. The percent of the horizontal bone change and the marginal bone loss at 6 and 12 months were almost the same between two groups (P > .05). The horizontal bone loss at the first or the latter 6 months was almost the same (P > .05). But the horizontal bone loss at the 6 mm level was less than the 0 mm and 3 mm levels at 6 and 12 months (P < .05). Meanwhile patients seem more satisfied with the autogenous tooth bone derived from the questionnaire. Conclusion The bone volume change in the facial part of the implant after immediate placement is almost the same between two groups. Providing clinical evidence that the autogenous tooth bone made from compromised tooth can be an acceptable bone graft material.