On the Role of Promoter Atoms in Unsupported Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: Influence of Preparation Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Candia ◽  
Bjerne S. Clausen ◽  
Henrik Topsøe
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni–Al2O3 and Ni–SiO2 Catalysts: Role of Preparation Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2180-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dekkar ◽  
S. Tezkratt ◽  
D. Sellam ◽  
K. Ikkour ◽  
K. Parkhomenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Preparation Methods

scholarly journals Role of Trace Elements in Breast Cancer and Their Characterization Using X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet Singh Kainth ◽  
Deeksha Khandelwal ◽  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
Gurjeet Singh ◽  
Sanjiv Puri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

Breast cancer is the most common serious disease that occurs in the human body. Trace elements have an important function in biological and metabolism processes including activation or inhibition of enzymatic reaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), competition between trace elements and metal proteins for binding positions and modifications in the permeability of cellular membranes which influence carcinogenic processes. A significant association between the abnormal concentration of trace elements and breast cancer has been found in many studies using XRF techniques like energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and synchrotron induced X-ray fluorescence (SRIXE). This chapter considers trace elements like Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cl, Ca, P, S, K, Na, Mg, Se, As and Sr. from the standpoint of their role as either inhibitory or causative agents of breast cancer. XRF techniques and sample preparation methods for analysis of biological samples are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Modern views on the prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in healthy pregnant women (Literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Y.V.  Nevyshnа
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

This review article provides information on the role of different methods for pregnant women to prepare for childbirth according to the data regarding both foreign and domestic practices in obstetrics. The article highlights the issue of partner support starting from when pregnancy is established and gestation, through to childbirth and the postpartum period. According to the research, it is clear that the physiological course of the pregnancy directly depends on the psycho-emotional state of a pregnant woman, which impacts not only the course of pregnancy and childbirth, but also the condition of the fetus and newborn.The results of the research show that the method of psychophysiological preparation and partner support undoubtedly has a positive influence on the consequent childbirth: the duration of childbirth and the frequency of anomalies during maternity activity are reduced; surgery is performed less; the frequency of cervical and perineum ruptures, as well as the amount of blood loss, are decreased; intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia are less common; and the manifestation of obstetric aggression decreases. Furthermore, the technologies of prenatal preparation are aimed at the demedicalization of childbirth and the minimization of the use of pharmacological drugs which have an ambiguous influence on a parturient, a fetus and a newborn.Therefore, the data mentioned above reveal the role of prenatal preparation methods of married couples for childbirth not only in the reduction of obstetric and perinatal complications in relatively healthy, pregnant women, but also in the choice of anesthesia methods, taking safety and efficiency into account.Unfortunately, the decreased interest toward psychophysiological preparation for childbirth by pregnant women and their partners, as well as medical institutions in general, was revealed while studying the issue of preparation for childbirth.Consequently, prenatal preparation of married couples must be obligatory in the system of obstetric care in Ukraine at all medical levels.

Nanocrystal Technology as a Strategy to Improve Drug Bioavailability and Antitumor Efficacy for the Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 2416-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxue Fan ◽  
Sicong Geng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yiting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antitumor Efficacy ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Saturation Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

Background and Objective: Nanocrystal technology is an effective approach which can increase the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs by raising their saturation solubility, thus improving the drug bioavailability. With the development of nanocrystals, its preparation approaches have gradually matured, which can be generally divided into Bottom-up, Top-down and Combinative technologies. Methods: A systematic literature review in the field of nanocrystal technology for the cancer treatment was scanned and collected data was detailedly analyzed and summarized. Results: Over the past decade, several anticancer drug nanocrystals have been explored and evaluated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. This review mainly covers the utilizations of the nanocrystal technology in enhancing the saturation solubility of anticancer drugs associated with the increased bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Preparation methods and characterizations of nanocrystals are also introduced in brief. In addition, one critical step in the formation of drug nanocrystals is selecting suitable stabilizers for the system. Many types of research are heading towards the role of the stabilizers in the final nanocrystals formulation. So we summed up several commonly used stabilizers in order to give a reference to the further study. At last, we discussed some considerations raised by the application of nanocrystal drugs for cancer treatment. Conclusion: This review is likely to enable a detailed insight on nanocrystal technology as a strategy to improve drug bioavailability and antitumor efficacy for the cancer treatment and be of particular interest to pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Membranes: A Potential Scaffold for Wound Healing Applications

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi ◽  
Maryam Zarei ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Hashemi ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Wei-Hung Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Asymmetric Membranes ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Bacterial Penetration ◽  
Tissue Grafts ◽  
Native Skin

Currently, due to uprising concerns about wound infections, healing agents have been regarded as one of the major solutions in the treatment of different skin lesions. The usage of temporary barriers can be an effective way to protect wounds or ulcers from dangerous agents and, using these carriers can not only improve the healing process but also they can minimize the scarring and the pain suffered by the human. To cope with this demand, researchers struggled to develop wound dressing agents that could mimic the structural and properties of native skin with the capability to inhibit bacterial growth. Hence, asymmetric membranes that can impair bacterial penetration and avoid exudate accumulation as well as wound dehydration have been introduced. In general, synthetic implants and tissue grafts are expensive, hard to handle (due to their fragile nature and poor mechanical properties) and their production process is very time consuming, while the asymmetric membranes are affordable and their production process is easier than previous epidermal substitutes. Motivated by this, here we will cover different topics, first, the comprehensive research developments of asymmetric membranes are reviewed and second, general properties and different preparation methods of asymmetric membranes are summarized. In the two last parts, the role of chitosan based-asymmetric membranes and electrospun asymmetric membranes in hastening the healing process are mentioned respectively. The aforementioned membranes are inexpensive and possess high antibacterial and satisfactory mechanical properties. It is concluded that, despite the promising current investigations, much effort is still required to be done in asymmetric membranes.

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