scholarly journals The trends of mortality and years of life lost of cancers in urban and rural areas in China, 1990‐2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1562-1571
Author(s):  
Xingzu Cen ◽  
Dongming Wang ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Limin Cao ◽  
Zhuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Productivity losses due to diabetes in urban and rural China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Hao ◽  
Lizheng Xu ◽  
Anli Leng ◽  
Jingjie Sun ◽  
Nicholas Stephen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Objective: To provide the first estimates of the cost of productivity losses attributed to diabetes age 20-69 years old in urban and rural areas of China. Methods: Construct through life table modelling, expectancy life of diabetes sufferers, including the years of potential life lost and working years of life lost. Using the human capital approach, we measured the productivity losses attributed to absenteeism, presenteeism, labor force dropout and premature deaths due to diabetes of the population aged 20-69 years in urban and rural areas in China. Results: In 2017, we estimated that there were 100.46 million diabetes lost hours, with the total cost of productivity losses US$613.60 billion, comprising US$326.40 billion from labor force dropout, US$186.34 billion from premature death, US$97.71 billion from absenteeism, and US$27.04 billion from presenteeism. Productivity loss was greater in urban (US$490.79 billion) than rural areas (US$122.81 billion), with urban presenteeism (US$2.54 billion) greater than rural presenteeism (US$608.55 million); urban absenteeism (US$79.10 billion) greater than rural absenteeism (US$18.61 billion); urban labour force dropout (US$261.24 billion) greater than rural labour force dropout (US$65.15 billion) and urban premature death (US$147.90 billion) greater than rural premature death (US$38.44 billion). Conclusions: Diabetes had a large and significant negatively impact on productivity in urban and rural in China, with a significant gap in the level of diabetes management in urban compared to rural regions. Productivity loss was significantly higher in urban than rural regions. Further investment is required in the prevention, diagnosis and control of diabetes in under-resourced health services in rural locations and also in urban areas, where most diabetes cases reside. Specifically, targeted and effective diabetes prevention and management actions are urgently required.

scholarly journals The Use of the Health Disparities Calculator in Analysis of the Lung Cancer Burden in Urban and Rural Populations in the Świętokrzyskie Province (Poland): 1999–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Krzyżak ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Dominik Maślach ◽  
Paweł Sowa ◽  
Bartosz Pędziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the burden of lung cancer in urban and rural areas in the Świętokrzyskie Province in the years 1999–2010. The material for the study accounted for information about the number of new cases of lung cancer obtained from the Świętokrzyskie Cancer Registration Office in Kielce and data from the Central Statistical Office concerning the number of deaths due to lung cancer in the years 1999–2010. Crude and age-standardized incidence, mortality, and potential years of life lost rates were calculated separately for groups of men and women in urban and rural areas. A comparative analysis of coefficients in urban and rural areas based on Rate Ratio (RR) and Rate Difference (RD) was performed by using the Health Disparities Calculator. The average annual incidence of lung cancer among men was 18% lower in the urban population than in the rural, while the mortality rate was 16% lower. For women, the incidence and mortality rates were higher in urban areas as opposed to rural areas – by 48% and 54% respectively. The comparative analysis of the burden of lung cancer showed great diversity between urban and rural populations in the Świętokrzyskie Province.

Three hundred years of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) persecution in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SEITZ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Second World

Modernization of agriculture, economic development and population increase after the end of the Thirty Years' War caused authorities in many parts of Germany to decree the eradication of so-called pest animals, including the House Sparrow. Farmers were given targets, and had to deliver the heads of sparrows in proportion to the size of their farms or pay fines. At the end of the eighteenth century German ornithologists argued against the eradication of the sparrows. During the mid-nineteenth century, C. L. Gloger, the pioneer of bird protection in Germany, emphasized the value of the House Sparrow in controlling insect plagues. Many decrees were abolished because either they had not been obeyed, or had resulted in people protecting sparrows so that they always had enough for their “deliveries”. Surprisingly, various ornithologists, including Ernst Hartert and the most famous German bird conservationist Freiherr Berlepsch, joined in the war against sparrows at the beginning of the twentieth century, because sparrows were regarded as competitors of more useful bird species. After the Second World War, sparrows were poisoned in large numbers. Persecution of sparrows ended in Germany in the 1970s. The long period of persecution had a significant but not long-lasting impact on House Sparrow populations, and therefore cannot be regarded as a factor in the recent decline of this species in urban and rural areas of western and central Europe.

Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Noorul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

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