scholarly journals Overview and Utilization of the NCI Thesaurus

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fragoso ◽  
Sherri de Coronado ◽  
Margaret Haber ◽  
Frank Hartel ◽  
Larry Wright
Keyword(s):  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
File Formats ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Web

The NCI Thesaurus is a reference terminology covering areas of basic and clinical science, built with the goal of facilitating translational research in cancer. It contains nearly 110 000 terms in approximately 36000 concepts, partitioned in 20 subdomains, which include diseases, drugs, anatomy, genes, gene products, techniques, and biological processes, among others, all with a cancer-centric focus in content, and originally designed to support coding activities across the National Cancer Institute. Each concept represents a unit of meaning and contains a number of annotations, such as synonyms and preferred name, as well as annotations such as textual definitions and optional references to external authorities. In addition, concepts are modelled with description logic (DL) and defined by their relationships to other concepts; there are currently approximately 90 types of named relations declared in the terminology. The NCI Thesaurus is produced by the Enterprise Vocabulary Services project, a collaborative effort between the NCI Center for Bioinformatics and the NCI Office of Communications, and is part of the caCORE infrastructure stack (http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/NCICB/core). It can be accessed programmatically through the open caBIO API and browsed via the web (http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov). A history of editing changes is also accessible through the API. In addition, the Thesaurus is available for download in various file formats, including OWL, the web ontology language, to facilitate its utilization by others.

Rule-Based OWL Ontology Reasoning Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 124-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Meditskos ◽  
Nick Bassiliades
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Rule Engine ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Open Nature ◽  
The Web

This chapter is focused on the basic principles behind the utilization of rules in order to perform reasoning about the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a Description Logic-based language that is the W3C recommendation for creating and sharing ontologies in the Semantic Web. More precisely, we elaborate on the entailment-based OWL reasoning (EBOR) paradigm, which is based on the utilization of RDF/ RDFS and OWL entailment rules that run on a rule engine, applying the formal semantics of the ontology language. To this end, seven EBOR systems are described and compared, analyzing the different approaches. Despite the closed rule environment, which comes in contrast with the open nature of the Semantic Web, and the fact that OWL semantics are partially mapped into rules, the rule-based OWL reasoning paradigm can give great potentials in the Semantic Web, enabling the utilization of rule engines on top of ontology information.

scholarly journals Pay-As-You-Go Description Logic Reasoning by Coupling Tableau and Saturation Procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 535-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Steigmiller ◽  
Birte Glimm
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Description Logics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Logic Reasoning ◽  
The Web

Nowadays, saturation-based reasoners for the OWL EL profile of the Web Ontology Language are able to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED very efficiently. However, it is currently unclear how saturation-based reasoning procedures can be extended to very expressive Description Logics such as SROIQ--the logical underpinning of the current and second iteration of the Web Ontology Language. Tableau-based procedures, on the other hand, are not limited to specific Description Logic languages or OWL profiles, but even highly optimised tableau-based reasoners might not be efficient enough to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED. In this paper, we present an approach for tightly coupling tableau- and saturation-based procedures that we implement in the OWL DL reasoner Konclude. Our detailed evaluation shows that this combination significantly improves the reasoning performance for a wide range of ontologies.

Ontology of Card Sleights

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aaron Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Basic Formal Ontology ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Web

We present a machine-readable movement writing for sleightof-hand moves with cards - a "Labanotation of card magic." This scheme of movement writing contains 440 categories of motion, and appears to taxonomize all card sleights that have appeared in over 1500 publications. The movement writing is axiomatized in SROIQ(D) Description Logic, and collected formally as an Ontology of Card Sleights, a computational ontology that extends the Basic Formal Ontology and the Information Artifact Ontology. The Ontology of Card Sleights is implemented in OWL DL, a Description Logic fragment of the Web Ontology Language. While ontologies have historically been used to classify at a less granular level, the algorithmic nature of card tricks allows us to transcribe a performer's actions step by step. We conclude by discussing design criteria we have used to ensure the ontology can be accessed and modified with a simple click-and-drag interface. This may allow database searches and performance transcriptions by users with card magic knowledge, but no ontology background.

scholarly journals A Decidable Extension of SROIQ with Complex Role Chains and Unions

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 809-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mosurovic ◽  
N. Krdzavac ◽  
H. Graves ◽  
M. Zakharyaschev
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Tableau Algorithm ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Web

We design a decidable extension of the description logic SROIQ underlying the Web Ontology Language OWL 2. The new logic, called SR+OIQ, supports a controlled use of role axioms whose right-hand side may contain role chains or role unions. We give a tableau algorithm for checking concept satisfiability with respect to SR+OIQ ontologies and prove its soundness, completeness and termination.

Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tutorial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cogan Shimizu ◽  
Pascal Hitzler ◽  
Adila Krisnadhi
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Ontology Engineering ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Modeling ◽  
Ontology Design ◽  
Modular Ontology ◽  
The Web

We provide an in-depth example of modular ontology engineering with ontology design patterns. The style and content of this chapter is adapted from previous work and tutorials on Modular Ontology Modeling. It offers expanded steps and updated tool information. The tutorial is largely self-contained, but assumes that the reader is familiar with the Web Ontology Language OWL; however, we do briefly review some foundational concepts. By the end of the tutorial, we expect the reader to have an understanding of the underlying motivation and methodology for producing a modular ontology.

A Good Role Model for Ontologies

2012 ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pradel ◽  
Jakob Henriksson ◽  
Uwe Aßmann
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Languages ◽  
The Web

Although ontologies are gaining more and more acceptance, they are often not engineered in a component-based manner due to, among various reasons, a lack of appropriate constructs in current ontology languages. This hampers reuse and makes creating new ontologies from existing building blocks difficult. We propose to apply the notion of roles and role modeling to ontologies and present an extension of the Web Ontology Language OWL for this purpose. Ontological role models allow for clearly separating different concerns of a domain and constitute an intuitive reuse unit.

scholarly journals Web-Based Learning Under Tacit Mining of Various Data Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Abdelouahab Belazoui ◽  
Abdelmoutia Telli ◽  
Chafik Arar
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Intelligent Tutoring System ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
The Web

Nowadays, many platforms provide open educational resources to learners. So, they must browse and explore several suggested contents to better assimilate their courses. To facilitate the selecting task of these resources, the present paper proposes an intelligent tutoring system that can access teaching contents available on the web automatically and offers them to learners as additional information sources. In doing so, the authors highlight the description logic approach and its knowledge representation strength that underwrites the modulization, inference, and querying about a web ontology language, and enhanced traditional tutoring systems architecture using ontologies and description logic to enable them to access various data sources on the web. Finally, this article concludes that the combination of machine learning with the semantic web has provided a supportive study environment and enhanced the schooling conditions within open and distance learning.

Semantic System for Attacks and Intrusions Detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Abdeslam El Azzouzi ◽  
Kamal Eddine El Kadiri
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Description Logics ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Web Attacks ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
The Web

The increasing development of information systems complicate task of protecting against threats. They have become vulnerable to malicious attacks that may affect the essential properties such as confidentiality, integrity and availability. Then the security becomes an overriding concern. Securing a system begins with prevention methods that are insufficient to reduce the danger of attacks, that must be accomplished by intrusion and attack detection systems. In this paper, a method for detecting web application attacks is proposed. Unlike methods based on signatures, the proposed solution is a technique based on ontology. It describes the Web attacks, the HTTP request, and the application using semantic rules. The system is able to detect effectively the sophisticated attacks by analysing user requests. The semantic rules allow inference about the ontologies models to detect complex variations of web attacks. The ontologies models was developed using description logics which was based Web Ontology Language (OWL). The proposed system is able to be installed on an HTTP server.

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