Characterizing Wealth Inequality in Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies often tend to maintain a publically accessible ledger of all transactions. This open nature of the transactional ledger allows us to gain macroeconomic insight into the USD 1 Trillion crypto economy. In this paper, we explore the free market-based economy of eight major cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Dash, Litecoin, ZCash, Dogecoin, and Ethereum Classic. We specifically focus on the aspect of wealth distribution within these cryptocurrencies as understanding wealth concentration allows us to highlight potential information security implications associated with wealth concentration. We also draw a parallel between the crypto economies and real-world economies. To adequately address these two points, we devise a generic econometric analysis schema for cryptocurrencies. Through this schema, we report on two primary econometric measures: Gini value and Nakamoto Index which report on wealth inequality and 51% wealth concentration respectively. Our analysis reports that, despite the heavy emphasis on decentralization in cryptocurrencies, the wealth distribution remains in-line with the real-world economies, with the exception of Dash. We also report that 3 of the observed cryptocurrencies (Dogecoin, ZCash, and Ethereum Classic) violate the honest majority assumption with less than 100 participants controlling over 51% wealth in the ecosystem, potentially indicating a security threat. This suggests that the free-market fundamentalism doctrine may be inadequate in countering wealth inequality within a crypto-economic context: Algorithmically driven free-market implementation of these cryptocurrencies may eventually lead to wealth inequality similar to those observed in real-world economies.

Assessment of Smart Home Assistants as an IoT

A smart home personal assistant technology is an intrinsic system, which incorporates many elements such as users, Smart Home Personal Assistants (SPA) devices, cloud, skill provider and other responsive devices. Even though Smart Home Personal Assistants give a robust security and privacy options, the devices face many weaknesses, which make the system vulnerable and can be comprised by adversaries, who can capitalize on limitations to gain access to delicate information and privacy of users. In this research, the aim is to assess how invention and innovation of security and SPA can be harnessed by users to interrelate with the system. Subsequently, this write-up will address both the problems related to the system and attempt to bring in solutions, which makes the technology more adaptable and versatile to all users. Initial studies show that some of the weakness underlying the technology include the open-nature of the voice channel, complexity of the architecture, software implications, and the utility of the technology to less proficient users. As a result, the study anticipates at solving the voice squatting attack, using the SPA intelligent assistant, incorporating a filer to filter the ultrasonic attack and noise as well as trying to assess the efficacy of the elements developed against the voice squatting attacks. The study found out that there is a need to mitigate the attacks on the blockchain technology and Natural Language Processors (NLP) to assure protection of SPA from attacks.

A Novel, Efficient, and Secure Anomaly Detection Technique Using DWU-ODBN for IoT-Enabled Multimedia Communication Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) is enhancing our lives in a variety of structures, which consists of smarter cities, agribusiness, and e-healthcare, among others. Even though the Internet of Things has many features with the consumer Internet of Things, the open nature of smart devices and their worldwide connection make IoT networks vulnerable to a variety of assaults. Several approaches focused on attack detection in Internet of Things devices, which has the longest calculation times and the lowest accuracy issues. It is proposed in this paper that an attack detection framework for Internet of Things devices, based on the DWU-ODBN method, be developed to alleviate the existing problems. At the end of the process, the proposed method is used to identify the source of the assault. It comprises steps such as preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification to identify the source of the attack. A random oversampler is used to preprocess the input data by dealing with NaN values, categorical features, missing values, and unbalanced datasets before being used to deal with the imbalanced dataset. When the data has been preprocessed, it is then sent to the MAD Median-KS test method, which is used to extract features from the dataset. To categorize the data into attack and nonattack categories, the features are classified using the dual weight updation-based optimal deep belief network (DWU-ODBN) classification technique, which is explained in more detail below. According to the results of the experimental assessment, the proposed approach outperforms existing methods in terms of detecting intrusions and assaults. The proposed work achieves 77 seconds to achieve the attack detection with an accuracy rate of 98.1%.

Development of an Open PXIe System based on FPGA Modules

<p>PXIe is a instrumentation platform that is used as the basis for developing test equipment, modular electronic instruments and automated test systems. A typical PXIe platform comprises of modules that are housed in a 3U Eurocard form factor chassis. The platform utilise the PCIe bus standard to enable high-speed data transfer, suitable for a range of applications. However, the platform is inherently complex, contains proprietary IP and is prohibitively expensive for most researchers and engineers who wish to utilise a modular instrumentation system. To overcome these barriers, the beginnings of an open PXIe platform has been developed. This consists of two open PXIe modules utilising modular FPGA technology. The first module is the System Controller, which introduces an embedded Linux solution and open-source PCIe driver to the platform. To simplify software development, user applications can utilise the drivers API without using kernel-level code. On the System Controller FPGA fabric is a root-port implementation that allows communication with peripheral modules. The second modules is a general purpose Peripheral Module that provides various I/O standards that users can utilise in their FPGA design, and a dedicated PCIe generation 2 x4 link with the System Controller. In the FPGA fabric of the Peripheral Module is a PCIe-DMA engine that facilitates data transfer between the two modules. The open nature and modular design will allow more economical and more flexible solutions, which will be appealing to a wide range of potential users. In addition, an example user application is developed for this system to show case the overall functionality the modules, with transfer speeds of 100 MB/s.</p>

Development of an Open PXIe System based on FPGA Modules

<p>PXIe is a instrumentation platform that is used as the basis for developing test equipment, modular electronic instruments and automated test systems. A typical PXIe platform comprises of modules that are housed in a 3U Eurocard form factor chassis. The platform utilise the PCIe bus standard to enable high-speed data transfer, suitable for a range of applications. However, the platform is inherently complex, contains proprietary IP and is prohibitively expensive for most researchers and engineers who wish to utilise a modular instrumentation system. To overcome these barriers, the beginnings of an open PXIe platform has been developed. This consists of two open PXIe modules utilising modular FPGA technology. The first module is the System Controller, which introduces an embedded Linux solution and open-source PCIe driver to the platform. To simplify software development, user applications can utilise the drivers API without using kernel-level code. On the System Controller FPGA fabric is a root-port implementation that allows communication with peripheral modules. The second modules is a general purpose Peripheral Module that provides various I/O standards that users can utilise in their FPGA design, and a dedicated PCIe generation 2 x4 link with the System Controller. In the FPGA fabric of the Peripheral Module is a PCIe-DMA engine that facilitates data transfer between the two modules. The open nature and modular design will allow more economical and more flexible solutions, which will be appealing to a wide range of potential users. In addition, an example user application is developed for this system to show case the overall functionality the modules, with transfer speeds of 100 MB/s.</p>

Interactions of Growth Environmental and Application of GA3 Concentration On Shallot Productivity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combination of technology using GA3 and agro-climate-based growing environment to increase shallot production in the lowlands. The study was designed with a nested factorial design, where the replicates were nested in an agro-climatic environment. The growing environment used consists of three conditions, namely open nature (e1), screen house (e2), UV plastic (e3). Meanwhile, the GA3 concentration (g) factor used consists of 4 levels, namely 0 ppm (g0), 100 ppm (g1), 200 ppm (g2) and 300 ppm (g3). This research design will be repeated 3 times for each treatment, so that the total experimental plot is 36 experimental units. The characters observed consisted of six characters, namely the number of leaves, absorption, reflection, tuber fresh weight, tuber diameter and tuber production. The results of this study indicate that GA3 treatment and UV application are very influential in increasing the productivity of shallots. The combination of 200 ppm GA3 concentration with the use of UV is the recommended technology in shallot cultivation. The fresh weight character of the tuber is a recommended secondary character in evaluating the potential of shallot cultivation technology. Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No. KM.10, Tamalanrea Indah, Kec. Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245.

Genre in the music communication system and the artist's mission

The concept of the genre in the creative practice of the 20th century is defined as a complete historical cycle. The purpose of the study is to review theoretical ideas about the role of genre in the communicative system of musical culture of the 20th century through the criterion of cooperation of the composer and performer. A. Sokhor, V. Zuckerman, Ye. Nazaikinsky, I. Kohanyk et al. explained the essence of the genre from different standpoints, revealing the fundamentally open nature of the theory itself. However, there are ontological laws of the genre development. The first law is that music genre exists as a system of functions. The second law is that genre exists in social practice as a conditional model of developed musical archetypes that reflect deep mental structures of communication. These laws are illustrated with such examples as the genre of toccata for piano (Italian composer G. Petrassi and Ukrainian composer I. Karabits); the genre of ancient ballads in the repertoire of modern kobzars; chrono-articulatory foundations of the polyphonic cycle of V. Bibik "34 Preludes and Fugues. The Second Notebook", typical communication strategies in creative work of modern artists and performers.

Interplay of Things

In Interplay of Things Anthony B. Pinn theorizes religion as a technology for interrogating human experiences and the boundaries between people and other things. Rather than considering religion in terms of institutions, doctrines, and creeds, Pinn shows how religion exposes the openness and porousness of all things and how they are always involved in processes of exchange and interplay. Pinn examines work by Nella Larsen and Richard Wright that illustrates an openness between things, and he traces how pop art and readymades point to the multidirectional nature of influence. He also shows how Ron Athey's and Clifford Owens's performance art draws out inherent interconnectedness to various cultural codes in ways that reveal the symbiotic relationship between art and religion as a technology. Theorizing that antiblack racism and gender- and class-based hostility constitute efforts to close off the porous nature of certain bodies, Pinn shows how many artists have rebelled against these attempts to counter openness. His analyses offer a means by which to understand the porous, unbounded, and open nature of humans and things.

The Discourse Genre and the Dispute Over the Forms of (Re)Construction of Social Practices

ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss how the (co-)construction of discourse genre shows disputes over the (re)construction of social reality. To accomplish this, a theoretical review is done, bringing the Bakhtinian postulates closer to those of Critical Discourse Analysis, in the formulation of Critical Genre Analysis. A socio-educational group session (sessão de grupo socioeducativo) for men who have committed violence against women is analyzed, illustrating the discursive dispute regarding the constituent frame of the genre’s theme. The data analyzed was generated over 12 months of ethnographic research field work. The discussion allows us to perceive the open nature of language and practices, made intelligible through critical analysis of discourse genres, and points to essential openings in the political struggle for social change.

Czy na pewno „bestsellery staropolskie”?

The subject of the review is a text of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewki entitled Cracow Histories. The Functioning of Popular Narrative Texts in an Early Modern Cracow, which addresses the topic of presence, place, and role of old stories in an Early Modern Cracow. The reviewer pays attention to a well though-out and well-structured analysis, and makes an attempt to organise an important area of research. Moreover, she highlights an open nature of the work, which suggests that the research of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewski should be continued.