ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL, PRACTICAL AND BIOGENETIC-TYPE SYNTHESIS OF A RARE FURANOID FATTY ACID FROM CASTOR OIL

This study aimed to investigate the impact of VCO and castor oil compositions on the physicochemical properties of liquid soap from patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) extract and compare it with the marketed liquid hand-soap. The liquid hand-soap was manufactured by adding patikan kebo extract with VCO and castor oil as fatty acid sources. The concentration of VCO and castor oil were varied in 5 formula with ratio 1 : 0, 3 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 3, and 0 : 1 of 200 mL of soap perspectively. Several tests such as organoleptic inspection, homogeneity, density, viscosity, foam volume and stability, pH, insoluble materials, free fatty acids, total active ingredients, and total plate number, were performed to determine the physicochemical properties of prepared handsoap. The results of the five formulas were known to the greater VCO the higher the viscosity and percent height of foam, the greater the castor oil the higher the value of specific gravity The five liquid soap formulas produced meet the requirements of SNI 2588-2017. The second liquid soap formula with a ratio of VCO and castor oil 3: 1 was declared to be the best product with free fatty acid 0.78%, pH 8.31, total active ingredient 24.3%, ethanol insoluble material 0.29%, specific gravity 1.09 g/mL, foam high stability 82.85%, and no colonies in testing the Total Plate Figures. It can be concluded that variations in the concentration of VCO and castor oil may affect the physicochemical properties of liquid soap for hand washing extracted from Patikan kebo.

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Effects of different attractants and human scent on mesocarnivore detection at camera traps

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr19117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Bracy W. Heinlein ◽

Rachael E. Urbanek ◽

Colleen Olfenbuttel ◽

Casey G. Dukes

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Camera Trap ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Individual Species ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Capture Success ◽

Affect Detection ◽

Species Specific

Abstract ContextCamera traps paired with baits and scented lures can be used to monitor mesocarnivore populations, but not all attractants are equally effective. Several studies have investigated the efficacy of different attractants on the success of luring mesocarnivores to camera traps; fewer studies have examined the effect of human scent at camera traps. AimsWe sought to determine the effects of human scent, four attractants and the interaction between attractants and human scent in luring mesocarnivores to camera traps. Methods We compared the success of synthetic fermented egg (SFE), fatty acid scent (FAS) tablets, castor oil, and sardines against a control of no attractant in luring mesocarnivores to camera traps. We deployed each attractant and the control with either no regard to masking human scent or attempting to restrict human scent for a total of 10 treatments, and replicated treatments eight to nine times in two different phases. We investigated whether: (1) any attractants increased the probability of capturing a mesocarnivore at a camera trap; (2) not masking human scent affected the probability of capturing a mesocarnivore at a camera trap; and (3) any attractants increased the probability of repeat detections at a given camera trap. We also analysed the behaviour (i.e. speed and distance to attractant) of each mesocarnivore in relation to the attractants. Key resultsSardines improved capture success compared with the control treatments, whereas SFE, castor oil, and FAS tablets had no effect when all mesocarnivores were included in the analyses. Masking human scent did not affect detection rates in the multispecies analyses. Individually, the detection of some species depended on the interactions between masking (or not masking) human scent and some attractants. ConclusionsSardines were the most effective as a broad-based attractant for mesocarnivores. Mesocarnivores approached traps baited with sardines at slower rates, which allows for a higher success of capturing an image of the animal. ImplicationsHuman scent may not need to be masked when deploying camera traps for multispecies mesocarnivore studies, but researchers should be aware that individual species respond differently to attractants and may have higher capture success with species-specific attractants.

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Transesterification of castor oil with trimethylchlorosilane: simultaneous formation of fatty acid alkyl esters and α-monochlorohydrin

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra12756d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (94) ◽

pp. 77341-77347 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Malavolti ◽

A. Brandi ◽

A. Salvini ◽

D. Giomi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Alkyl Esters ◽

Simultaneous Formation

The reaction between castor oil and various alcohols in the presence of trimethylchlorosilane (TMSCl) as acidic mediator furnishes simultaneously FAAE (fatty acid alkyl esters) and α-monochlorohydrin in good yields.

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Performance of Compression Ignition Engine with Coated Piston for Multiple Blends of Methyl Castor Oil

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.8.2.08 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

V.H. Wilson ◽

V. Yalini

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Step Process ◽

Performance And Emission

Fossil fuel is getting exhausted at a fast rate and contributes to high carbon monoxide emissions. Biodiesel, being environmentally friendly, has better performance than diesel. Castor oil is an easily available vegetable oil in India. But its high viscosity leads to blockage of the fuel lines. The amount of free fatty acid more than 1% leads to soap formation which necessitates the biodiesel production in a two step process. The first step of acid catalyzed esterification process reduces the free fatty acid content of castor oil to below 1%. The second step of transesterification process converts the preheated oil to castor biodiesel. This two step process gave a maximum yield of 90%.The methyl castor oil (biodiesel) is blended with diesel in different proportions on volume basis as 15:85 (B15), 25:75 (B25), and 35:65 (B35). These blended oils are used to run a single cylinder four stroke compression ignition engine with different coatings of pistons, to study and compare the engine performance and emission characteristics at different load conditions.

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