ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL PROPIONATE BY THE CARBONYLATION OF ETHANOL BY CARBON OXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF A RHODIUM FORM OF X TYPE ZEOLITE AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. NEFEDOV ◽  
R. V. DZHAPARIDZE ◽  
O. G. MAMAEV
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Ethyl Propionate ◽  
Type Zeolite

Plasma Catalytic Synthesis of Ammonia Using Functionalized-Carbon Coatings in an Atmospheric-Pressure Non-equilibrium Discharge

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmi Hong ◽  
Morteza Aramesh ◽  
Olga Shimoni ◽  
Dong Han Seo ◽  
Samuel Yick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Equilibrium Discharge ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Microwave catalytic synthesis of ammonia from methane and nitrogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 6302-6305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Bai ◽  
Sarojini Tiwari ◽  
Brandon Robinson ◽  
Casey Killmer ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
By Products

This study presents our recent findings that under microwave irradiation and/or microwave plasma conditions, nitrogen can react with methane to form ammonia and other value-added by-products, hydrogen and carbon nanotubes, at atmospheric pressure.

Self-catalytic Synthesis of ZnO Tetrapods, Nanotetraspikes, and Nanowires in Air at Atmospheric Pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (25) ◽  
pp. 9214-9218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
Zhenhui Kang ◽  
Igor Bello ◽  
Xia Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis

scholarly journals CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN THE PROPIONIC ACID - ETHANOL - ETHYL PROPIONATE - WATER SYSTEM AND EXTRACTION PROCESSES WITH PARTICIPATION OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Toikka ◽  
A. A. Samarov ◽  
A. A. Sadaev ◽  
A. A. Senina ◽  
O. L. Lobacheva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Water System ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Ethyl Propionate

New experimental data on the chemical equilibrium in the propionic acid - ethanol - ethyl propionate - water system at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure are presented. Chemically equilibrium compositions corresponding to the liquid-liquid equilibrium were obtained by gas chromatographic analysis. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance, homogeneous chemically equilibrium compositions were determined and the concentration equilibrium constant is calculated. The surface of chemical equilibrium and the region of splitting chemically equilibrium compositions are represented in the square of the transformed concentration variables. Comparison of the data obtained in the work with the literature was carried out at 303.15 and 313.15 K. It was found that the region of such compositions decreases with increasing temperature, while the surface of chemical equilibrium does not change the shape and position in the concentration space in the temperature range 293.15-313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Liquid-liquid equilibrium compositions have also been obtained by gas chromatographic analysis for ethanol and ethyl propionate in the pseudo-ternary system using deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on choline chloride and glycerol / urea in whole range of concentration. The analysis of the extraction properties of DES showed the highest efficiency of DES based on choline chloride and urea. Experimental data on phase equilibrium are processed using Othmer-Tobias and Hand models. The calculated correlation coefficient (more than 0.99) indicates a high internal consistency of the experimental data obtained in this work.

scholarly journals Direct Etherification Reaction of Glycerol Using Alkali Metal Cation (Li+, Na+ and K+) Containing X-Type Zeolites as Heterogeneous Catalysts: Optimization of the Reaction Conditions

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Seo Kyung Park ◽  
Dae Won Kim ◽  
Su Yeon Lee ◽  
Je Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Alkali Metal Cation ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Type Zeolite

X-type zeolite (XZ-Na) containing Na+ as a cation was synthesized, and XZ-Li and XZ-K were prepared by exchanging the cations of XZ-Na with Li+ and K+, respectively. The specific surface areas, structures, and chemical compositions of the prepared zeolites were analyzed by BET, XRD, and SEM-EDX. The activity of the direct and selective etherifications of glycerol to diglycerol (DG) and triglycerol (TG) were investigated using each zeolite XZ-M (M = Li, Na or K) as a basic heterogeneous catalyst. The etherification reactions of glycerol were carried out at atmospheric pressure while controlling the reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amount of each zeolite. As the amount of each zeolite, reaction time, and reaction temperature increased, the conversion of glycerol also increased, but the selectivities of DG and TG decreased due to the increase in the production of oligomers. When each zeolite was used as a catalyst, the catalytic activity for the conversion of glycerol was observed as XZ-K > XZ-Li > XZ-Na, but the selectivities of DG and TG were observed as XZ-Li > XZ-Na > XZ-K. Especially, 3 wt.% of XZ-Li exhibited the excellent catalytic performance when the etherification of glycerol was optimized and carried out at 280 °C for 2 h: the conversion of glycerol was 89.6% and the yields of DG and TG were 61.2 and 21.2%, respectively.

A High-Voltage Terminal for a Field-Emission Gun

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
N. F. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
High Coherence

A high-voltage terminal has been constructed for housing the various power supplies and metering circuits required by the field-emission gun (described elsewhere in these Proceedings) for the high-coherence microscope. The terminal is cylindrical in shape having a diameter of 14 inches and a length of 24 inches. It is completely enclosed by an aluminum housing filled with Freon-12 gas at essentially atmospheric pressure. The potential of the terminal relative to ground is, of course, equal to the accelerating potential of the microscope, which in the present case, is 150 kilovolts maximum.

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