ChemInform Abstract: Surface Reactivity of Magnesium Alloys in Solid and Liquid States

ChemInform ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (36) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Frank Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Solid And Liquid States

Surface Reactivity of Magnesium Alloys in Solid and Liquid States

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Surface Degradation ◽  
Outward Diffusion ◽  
Alloy Chemistry ◽  
Thin Oxide Films ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Solid And Liquid States

The major factors, controlling surface degradation of magnesium alloys in oxygen‑containing atmospheres at temperatures of solid and liquid states, are reviewed. While thin oxide films, formed during initial stages, exhibit some protective behaviour, thick scales grown at high temperatures do not block the outward diffusion of metal ions, leading to non-protective oxidation. The high vapour pressure of magnesium increases surface degradation and reduces effectiveness of inert atmospheres. Thus, both the solid and liquid states rely on the formation of compact oxide layers on the metallic surface, suppressing evaporation and oxidation. The role of protective atmospheres and alloy chemistry in reducing surface reactivity is discussed.

Role of Surface Reactivity in Processing and Performance of Magnesium Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 828-829 ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Surface Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Characteristics ◽  
Component Manufacturing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
And Control

The surface reactivity of magnesium alloys at high temperatures required for their processing in solid, semisolid and liquid states is reviewed emphasizing presently existing barriers of its understanding and control. In addition to general aspects of magnesium oxidation, other forms of reactivity such as ignition and flammability are discussed. Since surface oxide, composed of pure MgO, does not offer a sufficient protection, operations of raw alloy melting and component manufacturing require protective atmospheres what has detrimental implications on process economy and product performance. Efforts to develop ignition resistant magnesium alloys through modification of their chemistry are described with a particular role of rare earths and other elements with high affinity to oxygen. It is concluded that all forms of magnesium reactivity in solid and liquid state could be explained through diffusion characteristics of surface oxide formed during processing and service.

Far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of solid and liquid states: characteristics, instrumentation, and applications

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (13) ◽  
pp. 3962-3981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Ozaki ◽  
Ichiro Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy ◽  
Far Ultraviolet ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Solid And Liquid States

Far-ultraviolet spectroscopy (≥200 nm) can greatly contribute to the basic science of electronic structures for almost all materials and their applications.

scholarly journals The behaviour of water with change of temperature and with addition of electrolytes as studied by the Raman effect

1931 ◽  
Vol 130 (814) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Effect ◽  
Exciting Line ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Solid And Liquid States ◽  
Small Dispersion

A detailed investigation of the Raman bands for water in the solid and liquid states was first made by the author. Therein it was found that both ice and water give three sets of bands at λλ 4170, 4680 and 5105 A. U. respectively, corresponding to exciting mercury lines at λλ 3650, 4047 and 4358 A. U. The positions of these bands were not identical for ice and water. The former was found to give sharper bands and their shift form the original exciting line was less than for water. The mean infra-red absorptions corresponding to the bands for ice and water were 3·1 μ and 2·99 μ respectively. The above work was done with an instrument of very small dispersion, so that the structure of the band in either case could not be studied at all.

Investigation of Fluid Dynamic Properties of Liquid Field’s Metal

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lipchitz ◽  
Theophile Imbert ◽  
Glenn D. Harvel
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Solid And Liquid States

The density and viscosity Field’s metal is measured in this work and compared to traditional liquid metal coolants such as sodium and lead-bismuth eutectic. Field’s metal is a eutectic of the ternary In-Bi-Sn system. The alloy is by weight percent is 51% indium, 32.5% bismuth and 16.5% tin and possesses a melting temperature of 333 K. This work experimentally measures the density and viscosity of Field’s metal for numerical modeling and thermal hydraulic applications. The density of Field’s metal is measured using a pycnometer. The density is determined for both its solid and liquid states. In its liquid state Field’s metal is found to have a linear dependence with respect to increasing temperature. The viscosity of Field’s metal is measured using a rotational viscometer. The viscosity is measured is to be 27 mPa-s at 353 K, however further investigation is required to determine a trend at higher temperatures.

HALL AND MAGNETORESISTANCE EFFECTS OBTAINED FROM SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF LIQUID METALS AND SEMICONDUCTORS

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (27n29) ◽  
pp. 3625-3628
Author(s):  
M. OGITA ◽  
T. ITO ◽  
M. ISAI ◽  
I. MOGI ◽  
S. AWAJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Simultaneous Methods ◽  
Hall Measurements ◽  
Hall Effects ◽  
Galvanomagnetic Effects ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Low Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Solid And Liquid States

Hall measurements of liquid metals, using two-frequency, ac-dc and simultaneous methods are described. The Hall effect has been measured in Hg and Ga metals, in both solid and liquid states. The magnetoresistance and Hall effects have also been measured in an InSb single crystal, which exhibited magnetoresistance even in low magnetic field, and in Si , which did not exhibit magnetoresistance in low magnetic field. In order to investigate the magnetic field dependence of the observed galvanomagnetic effects for solid and liquid state metals, and for semiconductors, Hall measurements in high magnetic field, up to ±9 T, were also performed.

Enthalpy and heat capacity of the intermetallic compound CsBi2 in the solid and liquid states

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Stankus ◽  
I. V. Savchenko ◽  
O. S. Yatsuk ◽  
Yu. M. Kozlovskii
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Solid And Liquid States
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