ChemInform Abstract: A Mini-Review on Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification Reactions

ChemInform ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (52) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Sirsam ◽  
Dharmesh Hansora ◽  
Ghayas A. Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Esterification Reactions

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Tin Catalysts Applied to the Esterification and Transesterification Reactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio José da Silva ◽  
Abiney Lemos Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Esters ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Esterification Reactions

The interest in the development of efficient and environmentally benign catalysts for esters synthesis has increased exponentially, mainly due to the demand for biodiesel. In general, fatty esters are used as bioadditive, cosmetic ingredients, polymers, and, more recently, biofuel. Nevertheless, most of the production processes use nonrecyclable and homogenous alkaline catalysts, which results in the reactors corrosion, large generation of effluents, and residues on the steps of separation and catalyst neutralization. Heterogeneous acid catalysts can answer these demands and are an environmentally benign alternative extensively explored. Remarkably, solid acid catalysts based on tin have been shown highly attractive for the biodiesel production, mainly via FFA esterification reactions. This review describes important features related to be the synthesis, stability to, and activity of heterogeneous tin catalysts in biodiesel production reactions.

scholarly journals Biodiesel (Methyl Esters)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Nurul Aina Nasriqah Binti Ma’arof ◽  
Noor Hindryawati ◽  
Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly biomass-based fuel, is gaining popularity globally as a cost-effective way to meet rising fuel demand. However, the high cost of raw materials and catalysts continues to drive up biodiesel production. An alternative feedstock with a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction could be the most cost-effective way to stabilize industrial biodiesel growth. Understanding these issues led to the idea of using waste palm oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production. While using waste materials as feedstock for biodiesel is an elegant solution, converting high free fatty acids (FFA) directly into methyl esters has some drawbacks. High FFA processes (acid esterification, then base transesterification) are costly. The commercial processes currently use a homogeneous system with sulfuric acid to catalyze both esterification and transesterification. However, heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are preferred over hazardous mineral acids for high FFA esterification because they are less corrosive, produce less waste, and are easier to separate from reactants and products by filtration, recovery, and reusability. Heterogeneous acid catalysts can also simultaneously catalyze transesterification and esterification reactions. Thus, new waste-based support for heterogeneous catalysts (solid acid catalysts) is required to convert waste oils into biodiesel.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Using Solid Acid Catalysts Based on Metal Oxides

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Vasić ◽  
Gordana Hojnik Podrepšek ◽  
Željko Knez ◽  
Maja Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
Esterification Reactions

The development of solid acid catalysts, especially based on metal oxides and different magnetic nanoparticles, gained much awareness recently as a result of the development of different nano-based materials. Solid acid catalysts based on metal oxides are promising for the (trans)esterification reactions of different oils and waste materials for biodiesel production. This review gives a brief overview of recent developments in various solid acid catalysts based on different metal oxides, such as zirconia, zinc, titanium, iron, tungsten, and magnetic materials, where the catalysts are optimized for various reaction parameters, such as the amount of catalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, reaction time, and temperature. Furthermore, yields and conversions for biodiesel production are compared. Such metal-oxide-based solid acid catalysts provide more sustainable, green, and easy-separation synthesis routes with high catalytic activity and reusability than traditionally used catalysts.

Sulfonic acid-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas in esterification and selective acylation reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3624-3631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Karimi ◽  
Hamid M. Mirzaei ◽  
Akbar Mobaraki ◽  
Hojatollah Vali
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas ◽  
Surface Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Selective Acylation ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Mesoporous Organosilicas ◽  
Selective Formation ◽  
Acylation Reactions

A simple adjustment of surface physicochemical properties of the solid acid catalysts would provide selective formation of the desired products in esterification reactions.

A Mini-Review on Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification Reactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Sirsam ◽  
Dharmesh Hansora ◽  
Ghayas A. Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Preparation of Strong Acid Catalysts by Sulfate Treatment of Calcined Boehmite

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hochmann ◽  
Karel Setínek
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Indicator Method

Solid acid catalysts with acid strength of -14.52 < H0 < -8.2 were prepared by sulfate treatment of the samples of boehmite calcined at 105-800 °C. Two preparation methods were used: impregnation of the calcined boehmite with 3.5 M H2SO4 or mixing of the boehmite samples with anhydrous aluminum sulfate, in both cases followed by calcination in nitrogen at 650 °C. The catalysts were characterized by measurements of surface area, adsorption of pyridine and benzene, acid strength measurements by the indicator method and by catalytic activity tests in the isomerization of cyclohexene, p-xylene and n-hexane. Properties of the catalysts prepared by both methods were comparable.

scholarly journals Metal–Organic Framework-Based Solid Acid Materials for Biomass Upgrade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutian Qin ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Meiting Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Biomass Transformation ◽  
Organic Framework

AbstractBiomass is a green and producible source of energy and chemicals. Hence, developing high-efficiency catalysts for biomass utilization and transformation is urgently demanded. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based solid acid materials have been considered as promising catalysts in biomass transformation. In this review, we first introduce the genre of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites commonly generated in MOFs or MOF-based composites. Then, the methods for the generation and adjustment of corresponding acid sites are overviewed. Next, the catalytic applications of MOF-based solid acid materials in various biomass transformation reactions are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, based on our personal insights, the challenges and outlook on the future development of MOF-based solid acid catalysts are provided. We hope that this review will provide an instructive roadmap for future research on MOFs and MOF-based composites for biomass transformation.

scholarly journals Nonthermal Plasma Induced Fabrication of Solid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Xiaofei Philip Ye
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Pyridine Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glycerol Dehydration ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The feasibility of fabricating better solid acid catalysts using nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology for biobased acrolein production is demonstrated. NTP discharge exposure was integrated in catalyst fabrication in air or argon atmosphere. The fabricated catalysts were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, in comparison to regularly prepared catalysts as a control. Further, kinetic results collected via glycerol dehydration experiments were compared, and improvement in acrolein selectivity was displayed when the catalyst was fabricated in the argon NTP, but not in the air NTP. Possible mechanisms for the improvement were also discussed.

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