An exploration of malayalam basic and nonbasic color terms during a color naming task and in naturalistic narratives

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

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A Unique Asymmetrical Stroop Effect in Absolute Pitch Possessors

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000153 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 272-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Lilach Akiva-Kabiri ◽

Avishai Henik

Keyword(s):

Selective Attention ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Stroop Effect ◽

Congruency Effect ◽

Absolute Pitch ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Reading Task ◽

Pitch Processing ◽

Reverse Pattern

The Stroop task has been employed to study automaticity or failures of selective attention for many years. The effect is known to be asymmetrical, with words affecting color naming but not vice versa. In the current work two auditory-visual Stroop-like tasks were devised in order to study the automaticity of pitch processing in both absolute pitch (AP) possessors and musically trained controls without AP (nAP). In the tone naming task, participants were asked to name the auditory tone while ignoring a visual note name. In the note naming task, participants were asked to read a note name while ignoring the auditory tone. The nAP group showed a significant congruency effect only in the tone naming task, whereas AP possessors showed the reverse pattern, with a significant congruency effect only in the note reading task. Thus, AP possessors were unable to ignore the auditory tone when asked to read the note, but were unaffected by the verbal note name when asked to label the auditory tone. The results suggest that pitch identification in participants endowed with AP ability is automatic and impossible to suppress.

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Implicit associative learning in an incongruent color-naming task

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537102012-472 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Celine Lermercier ◽

Thierry Bouillot ◽

Sandrine Cogniard

Keyword(s):

Associative Learning ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Incongruent Color

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Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.31.2.169491 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 504

Author(s):

Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez ◽

Rafael Quinto-Guillen ◽

Josefa Pérez-Lucas ◽

Rosa Jurado-Barba ◽

Isabel Martínez-Grass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Attention Bias ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Stroop Test ◽

Stroop Interference ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Interference Effects

Attention bias for alcohol has proved useful to distinguish people with a pathological consumption of people who do not, and dependents who are more likely to fall in consumption. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test, designed to evaluate attention biases for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. The sample was composed by 173 participants divided into 2 groups: 1) “Patients” (<em>n = </em>88) meeting criteria for alcohol dependence; and 2) “Control” (<em>n = </em>85) having a low risk for alcohol consumption, that completed the Stroop color naming Task (Classic Stroop), the Neutral Stroop test and the alcohol Stroop test. Statistically significant differences were found in the interference effects calculated for the Classic and Alcohol Stroop tests. Patients compared to control participants showed a higher interference effect for alcohol-related stimuli than for neutral stimuli. These effects were accounted by an attention bias for alcohol-related information in patients. ROC curves were calculated for the three interference effects, showing an area under the curve statistically significant in the Classic Stroop interference and the Alcohol Stroop interference. This study provides the validation of the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test that allows to evaluate attention biases for alcohol stimuli in individuals with both pathologic alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence.

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Sex Differences in Color Naming

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.47.2.440 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 440-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sandra Swaringen ◽

Stephanie Layman ◽

Alan Wilson

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Different Color ◽

Naming Performance

In an unrestrained-choice color-naming task 26 males and 29 females responded to 21 colored chips from the Farnsworth-Munsell series. The females provided a significantly greater number of different color names for the chips than did the males. The data also showed that the leisure activities of the females were more color-dependent than those of the males. It is suggested that the observed sex differences in color-naming performance are learned differences in the expression of color appreciation.

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Coming Unbound: Disrupting Automatic Integration of Synesthetic Color and Graphemes by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Parietal Lobe

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1570 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1570-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Michael Esterman ◽

Timothy Verstynen ◽

Richard B. Ivry ◽

Lynn C. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Automatic Integration ◽

Posterior Parietal ◽

The Right ◽

Posterior Parietal Lobe ◽

Stimulation Technique

In some individuals, a visually presented letter or number automatically evokes the perception of a specific color, an experience known as color-grapheme synesthesia. It has been suggested that parietal binding mechanisms play a role in the phenomenon. We used a noninvasive stimulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to determine whether the posterior parietal lobe is critical for the integration of color and shape in color-grapheme synesthesia, as it appears to be for normal color-shape binding. Using a color-naming task with colored letters that were either congruent or incongruent with the synesthetic photism, we demonstrate that inhibition of the right posterior parietal lobe with repetitive TMS transiently attenuates synesthetic binding. These findings suggest that synesthesia (the induction of color from shape) relies on similar mechanisms as found in normal perception (where the perception of color is induced by wavelength).

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Release from Proactive Inhibition as a Function of Interpolated Task Difficulty

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1976.38.2.459 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 459-469

Author(s):

Robert F. Carlson ◽

J. Peter Kincaid

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Task Difficulty ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Ceiling Effect ◽

Relative Difficulty ◽

Inhibition Studies

A three-part study investigates the effect of varying levels of interpolated task difficulty on recall, using a release from proactive inhibition methodology. It was hypothesized that difficulty of interpolated activity would affect recall levels. 544 college students served as Ss. Exp. 1 determined relative difficulty of four interpolated tasks, three of which are frequently used in proactive-inhibition studies, by measuring the amount of time necessary to complete each task. Utilizing a basic Peterson and Peterson format, Exp. 2 demonstrates that difficulty of the interpolated task will affect recall while not affecting the buildup of proactive inhibition. Again, incorporating the same format, Exp. 3 indicated the three commonly used distractor tasks, Stroop color-naming, counting backward, and color block-naming, can be used interchangeably; however, if the task is very easy (such as naming color blocks), recall may be so high that a ceiling effect is encountered. It is therefore suggested that researchers use one of the more difficult distractor tasks such as counting backward or the Stroop color-naming task for the prevention of rehearsal given the kind of Ss of the present study.

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