Understanding the influence of microbial contamination on colour alteration of pigments used in wall paintings—The case of red and yellow ochres and ultramarine blue

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-789
Author(s):  
Tânia Rosado ◽  
Ana Falé ◽  
Milene Gil ◽  
José Mirão ◽  
António Candeias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Ultramarine Blue ◽  
Colour Alteration

scholarly journals Unexpected Findings in 16th Century Wall Paintings: Identification of Aragonite and Unusual Pigments

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2431-2448
Author(s):  
Laura Rampazzi ◽  
Cristina Corti ◽  
Ludovico Geminiani ◽  
Sandro Recchia
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Ultramarine Blue ◽  
Unexpected Findings

Sixteenth century wall paintings were analyzed from a church in an advanced state of decay in the Apennines of central Italy, now a remote area but once located along the salt routes from the Po Valley to the Ligurian Sea. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a microprobe were used to identify the painting materials, as input for possible future restoration. Together with the pigments traditionally used for wall painting, such as ochre, ultramarine blue, bianco di Sangiovanni, cinnabar/vermilion, azurite, some colors were also found to have only been used since the 18th century. This thus suggests that a series of decorative cycles occurred after the church was built, confirmed by the multilayer stratigraphy of the fragments. Some of these colors were also unusual, such as clinochlore, Brunswick green, and ultramarine yellow. The most notable result of the analytical campaign however, was the ubiquitous determination of aragonite, the mineralogical form of calcium carbonate, mainly of biogenic origin. Sources report its use in Roman times as an aggregate in mortars, and in the literature it has only been shown in Roman wall paintings. Its use in 16th century wall paintings is thus surprising.

Cefazolin Lots Recalled for Microbial Contamination

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 43
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination

The Wall-Paintings of Pompeii

1877 ◽  
Vol 3 (65supp) ◽  
pp. 1032-1032
Keyword(s):  
Wall Paintings

Nawalgarh Haveli Wall Paintings: The Theme Depended on Avataras

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Dr. Madan Lal Rajyora ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Paintings

Relationship between chloride and microbial contamination on water systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Bruno Monte Gomes ◽  
Suely Torquato Ribeiro ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Freire Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Systems

Effect of trisodium phosphate on the microbial contamination of chicken meat

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Castillo A. ◽  
L. Mészáros ◽  
F. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate

RESEARCH: Dry Heat Processing of Single-Use Respirators and Surgical Masks

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
Joyce M. Hansen ◽  
Scott Weiss ◽  
Terra A. Kremer ◽  
Myrelis Aguilar ◽  
Gerald McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Single Use

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has challenged healthcare providers in maintaining the supply of critical personal protective equipment, including single-use respirators and surgical masks. Single-use respirators and surgical masks can reduce risks from the inhalation of airborne particles and microbial contamination. The recent high-volume demand for single-use respirators and surgical masks has resulted in many healthcare facilities considering processing to address critical shortages. The dry heat process of 80°C (176°F) for two hours (120 min) has been confirmed to be an appropriate method for single-use respirator and surgical mask processing.

Investigation of microbial contamination of Powdered Infant Formula during different storage periods after opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-atrash
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to knowing effect different storage periods of the microbial quality for the Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) after opening the tin, and ensuring from the safety note (after opening, use within 3 weeks). Thirty (30) samples of (PIF) from category (1 – 6 months) in five different types are collected from pharmacies and local markets in Baquba city / Iraq, which are used as substitutes for breast milk during the first day of opening the tin powders such as Total viable count, Total coliform count, Salmonella count and Yeast and Molds count. These experiments repeated at each week of same samples within (5) weeks. Results were obtained at opening the tin, Total viable count (less than 0.05 1.0 x 103 ±1.5x10 CFU/g) were significantly higher than Total Coliform count (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g) and Total Salmonella count (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g) and Yeasts and Molds (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g). while results obtained at fifth week were (less than 0.05 8.8 x 103 ±5.5x102 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0.9 x 102 ± 0.4x101 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 9.5 x 10 ± 1.2x101 CFU /g) respectively. All samples of (PIF) having non-significant difference. These results compared to Iraqi Quality Standards (IQS), all the results from the opening samples to fifth week were within the range of IQS and USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and as indicates the hygienic condition of (PIF) without risk level for human health. also observed increase in microbial contamination in each week because increase the moisture content for powdered milk. Can be used more than 3 weeks after opening if stored in good conditions with good hygienic practices during milk preparation.

0552 - Tracing microbial contamination sources in the meat production chain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Zwirzitz ◽  
Stefanie Urimare Wetzels ◽  
Beate Pinior ◽  
Evelyne Mann
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Contamination Sources
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