scholarly journals Role of Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptors in Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1091-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medha Priyadarshini ◽  
Kumar U. Kotlo ◽  
Pradeep K. Dudeja ◽  
Brian T. Layden
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Physiology

scholarly journals Role Of Selected Fimbrial Adheins In Pathogenesis Of Acid-Induced Eneterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli 0157:H7

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Haque
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Food Borne

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. The mechanisms underlying the adhesion of EHEC 0157:H7 to intestinal epithelial cells are not well understood. Like other food-borne pathogens, ECEC 0157:H7 must survive the acid stress of the gastric juice in the stomach and short chain fatty acid in the intestine in order to colonize the large intestine. We have found that acid stress and short chain fatty acid stress significantly enhance host-adhesion of EHEC 0157:H7 and also upregulates expression of EHEC fimbrial genes, lpfA1, lpfA2 and yagZ, as demonstrated by our DNA microarray. We now report that disruption of the yagZ (also known as the E. coli common pilus A) gene results in loss of the acid-induced and short chain fatty acid-induced adhesion increase seen for the wild type strain. When the yagZ mutant is complemented with yagZ, the sress-induced and short chain fatty acid-induced adhesion increase seen for the wild type strain. When the yagZ mutant is complemented with yagZ, the stress-induced adhesion pehnotype is restored, confirming the role of yagZ in the acid as well as short chain fatty acid induced adhesion to HEp-2 cells. On the other hand, neither disruption in the long polar fimbria genes lpfA1 or lpfA2 in the wild type showed any effect in adherence to HEp-2 cells; rather displaying a hyperadherant phenotype to HEp-2 cells after acid-induced or short chain fatty acid-induced stress. The results also indicate that acid or short chain fatty acid stress, which is a part of the host's natural defense mechanism against pathogens, may regulate virulence factors resulting in enhanced bacteria-host attachment during colonization in the human or bovine host.

scholarly journals OR31-3 Role of a Novel Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptor OLFR78 in Mediating Gluco-metabolic Hormone Secretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Lednovich ◽  
Medha Priyadarshini ◽  
Kumar Kotlo ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Shubha Priyamvada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid Receptor

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate Alleviates Akt2 Knockout-Induced Myocardial Contractile Dysfunction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Li ◽  
Yinan Hua ◽  
Jun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

Background and Aims. Dysregulation of Akt has been implicated in diseases such as cancer and diabetes, although little is known about the role of Akt deficiency on cardiomyocyte contractile function. This study was designed to examine the effect of Akt2 knockout-induced cardiomyocyte contractile response and the effect of dietary supplementation of short-chain fatty acid propionate on Akt2 knockout-induced cardiac dysfunction, if any.Methods and Results. Adult male wild-type (WT) and Akt2 knockout mice were treated with propionate (0.3 g/kg, p.o.) or vehicle for 7 days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Cardiomyocyte contractile function and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed. Expression of insulin-signaling molecules Akt, PTEN, GSK3β, and eNOS receptors for short-chain fatty acids GPR41, and GPR43 as well as protein phosphatase PP2AA, PP2AB, PP2C were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Our results revealed that Akt2 knockout led to overt glucose intolerance, compromised cardiomyocyte contractile function (reduced peak shortening and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening as well as prolonged relengthening), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased GPR41 and elevated GPR43 expression, all of which, with the exception of glucose intolerance and elevated GPR43 level, were significantly attenuated by propionate. Neither Akt2 knockout nor propionate affected the expression of protein phosphatases, eNOS, pan, and phosphorylated PTEN and GSK3β.Conclusions. Taken together, these data depicted that Akt2 knockout may elicit cardiomyocyte contractile and mitochondrial defects and a beneficial role of propionate or short-chain fatty acids against Akt2 deficiency-induced cardiac anomalies.

The role of rye bran and antibiotics on the digestion, fermentation process and short-chain fatty acid production and absorption in an intact pig model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2886-2900
Author(s):  
Yetong Xu ◽  
Anne Katrine Bolvig ◽  
Brendan McCarthy-Sinclair ◽  
Maria L. Marco ◽  
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Butyrate Production

Rye bran diet induced different DF degradation processes and SCFA profile compared with refined wheat cellulose, while antibiotics had marginal effects on digestibility and DF degradation but hampered butyrate production.

Short chain fatty acid propionate and the role of gb-oxidation of butyrate in rat experimental colitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. A1118
Author(s):  
JH Xing ◽  
C. Cherbut ◽  
M. Joubert ◽  
HM. Blottière ◽  
G. Vallette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

The role of short-chain fatty acid on blood pressure regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junki Miyamoto ◽  
Mayu Kasubuchi ◽  
Akira Nakajima ◽  
Junichiro Irie ◽  
Hiroshi Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Pressure Regulation

scholarly journals Role Of Selected Fimbrial Adheins In Pathogenesis Of Acid-Induced Eneterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli 0157:H7

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Haque
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Food Borne

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. The mechanisms underlying the adhesion of EHEC 0157:H7 to intestinal epithelial cells are not well understood. Like other food-borne pathogens, ECEC 0157:H7 must survive the acid stress of the gastric juice in the stomach and short chain fatty acid in the intestine in order to colonize the large intestine. We have found that acid stress and short chain fatty acid stress significantly enhance host-adhesion of EHEC 0157:H7 and also upregulates expression of EHEC fimbrial genes, lpfA1, lpfA2 and yagZ, as demonstrated by our DNA microarray. We now report that disruption of the yagZ (also known as the E. coli common pilus A) gene results in loss of the acid-induced and short chain fatty acid-induced adhesion increase seen for the wild type strain. When the yagZ mutant is complemented with yagZ, the sress-induced and short chain fatty acid-induced adhesion increase seen for the wild type strain. When the yagZ mutant is complemented with yagZ, the stress-induced adhesion pehnotype is restored, confirming the role of yagZ in the acid as well as short chain fatty acid induced adhesion to HEp-2 cells. On the other hand, neither disruption in the long polar fimbria genes lpfA1 or lpfA2 in the wild type showed any effect in adherence to HEp-2 cells; rather displaying a hyperadherant phenotype to HEp-2 cells after acid-induced or short chain fatty acid-induced stress. The results also indicate that acid or short chain fatty acid stress, which is a part of the host's natural defense mechanism against pathogens, may regulate virulence factors resulting in enhanced bacteria-host attachment during colonization in the human or bovine host.

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