Faculty Opinions recommendation of Impact of the microbial derived short chain fatty acid propionate on host susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections in vivo.

Acetylsalicylic acid and/or its metabolites are implicated to have various effects on metabolism and, especially, on mitochondrial function. These effects include both inhibitory and stimulatory effects. We investigated the effect of both combined and separate oral acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen administration at therapeutic doses on the urinary metabolite profile of human subjects. In this paper, we provided in vivo evidence, in human subjects, of a statistically significant increase in isobutyrylcarnitine after the administration of a therapeutic dose of acetylsalicylic acid. We, therefore, propose an inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the short-chain fatty acid metabolism, possibly at the level of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase.

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Short-chain fatty acid derivatives induce fetal globin expression and erythropoiesis in vivo

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2002-02-0353 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 100 (13) ◽

pp. 4640-4648 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Betty S. Pace ◽

Gary L. White ◽

George J. Dover ◽

Michael S. Boosalis ◽

Douglas V. Faller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Globin Gene ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽

Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽

Globin Gene Expression

Orally bioactive compounds that induce γ globin gene expression at tolerable doses are needed for optimal treatment of the β-hemoglobinopathies. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of 2 to 6 carbons in length induce γ globin expression in animal models, and butyrate, phenylbutyrate, and valproate induce γ globin in human patients. The usefulness of these compounds, however, is limited by requirements for large doses because of their rapid metabolism and their tendency to inhibit cell proliferation, which limits the pool of erythroid progenitors in which γ globin can be induced. Selected short-chain fatty acid derivatives (SCFADs) were recently found to induce γ globin and to stimulate the proliferation of hematopoietic cells in vitro. These SCFADs are now evaluated in vivo in nonanemic transgenic mice containing the human β globin gene locus and in anemic phlebotomized baboons. In mice treated with a SCFAD once daily for 5 days, γ globin mRNA increased 2-fold, reticulocytes increased 3- to 7-fold, and hematocrit levels increased by 27%. Administration of 3 SCFADs in anemic baboons increased F-reticulocytes 2- to 15-fold over baseline and increased total hemoglobin levels by 1 to 2 g/dL per week despite ongoing significant daily phlebotomy. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated 90% oral bioavailability of 2 SCFADs, and targeted plasma levels were maintained for several hours after single oral doses equivalent to 10% to 20% of doses required for butyrate. These findings identify SCFADs that stimulate γ globin gene expression and erythropoiesis in vivo, activities that are synergistically beneficial for treatment of the β hemoglobinopathies and useful for the oral treatment of other anemias.

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Hydroxamide derivatives of short-chain fatty acid have erythropoietic activity and induce γ gene expression in vivo

Experimental Hematology ◽

10.1016/j.exphem.2005.08.007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 1443-1449 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hua Cao ◽

Manfred Jung ◽

George Stamatoyannopoulos

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Erythropoietic Activity ◽

Derivatives Of

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Prediction of In Vivo Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Hindgut Fermenting Mammals: Problems and Pitfalls

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/10408390802565939 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 605-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Millet ◽

M. J. Van Oeckel ◽

M. Aluwé ◽

E. Delezie ◽

D. L. De Brabander

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Production ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Fatty Acid Production

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Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu7115440 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 8916-8929 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Eef Boets ◽

Lise Deroover ◽

Els Houben ◽

Karen Vermeulen ◽

Sara Gomand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Production ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Fatty Acid Production

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Food-grade TiO2 is trapped by intestinal mucus in vitro but does not impair mucin O-glycosylation and short-chain fatty acid synthesis in vivo: implications for gut barrier protection

Journal of Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12951-018-0379-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Pauline Talbot ◽

Joanna M. Radziwill-Bienkowska ◽

Jasper B. J. Kamphuis ◽

Karine Steenkeste ◽

Sarah Bettini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Food Grade ◽

Intestinal Mucus

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Glucose alleviates ammonia-induced inhibition of short-chain fatty acid metabolism in rat colonic epithelial cells

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00437.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (1) ◽

pp. G105-G114 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

John D. Cremin ◽

Mark D. Fitch ◽

Sharon E. Fleming

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Colonic Epithelial Cells ◽

The Tca Cycle

Ammonia decreased metabolism by rat colonic epithelial cells of butyrate and acetate to CO2 and ketones but increased oxidation of glucose and glutamine. Ammonia decreased cellular concentrations of oxaloacetate for all substrates evaluated. The extent to which butyrate carbon was oxidized to CO2 after entering the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was not significantly influenced by ammonia, suggesting there was no major shift toward efflux of carbon from the TCA cycle. Ammonia reduced entry of butyrate carbon into the TCA cycle, and the proportion of CoA esterified with acetate and butyrate correlated positively with the production of CO2 and ketone bodies. Also, ammonia reduced oxidation of propionate but had no effect on oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate. Inclusion of glucose, lactate, or glutamine with butyrate and acetate counteracted the ability of ammonia to decrease their oxidation. In rat colonocytes, it appears that ammonia suppresses short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) oxidation by inhibiting a step before or during their activation. This inhibition is alleviated by glucose and other energy-generating compounds. These results suggest that ammonia may only affect SCFA metabolism in vivo when glucose availability is compromised.

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Effects of tributyrin supplementation on short-chain fatty acid concentration, fibrolytic enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility and methanogenesis in adult Small Tail ewes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859618000424 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 465-470

Author(s):

Q. C. Ren ◽

J. J. Xuan ◽

Z. Z. Hu ◽

L. K. Wang ◽

Q. W. Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain

AbstractIn vivo and in vitro trials were conducted to assess the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on short-chain fatty acid (SFCA) concentrations, fibrolytic enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility and methanogenesis in adult sheep. Nine 12-month-old ruminally cannulated Small Tail ewes (initial body weight 55 ± 5.0 kg) without pregnancy were used for the in vitro trial. In vitro substrate made to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis was incubated by ruminal microbes for 72 h at 39°C. Forty-five adult Small Tail ewes used for the in vivo trial were randomly assigned to five treatments with nine animals each for an 18-d period according to body weight (55 ± 5.0 kg). Total mixed ration fed to ewes was also used to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg on a DM basis. The in vitro trial showed that TB supplementation linearly increased apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, and enhanced gas production and methane emissions. The in vivo trial showed that TB supplementation decreased DM intake, but enhanced ruminal fermentation efficiency. Both in vitro and in vivo trials showed that TB supplementation enhanced total SFCA concentrations and carboxymethyl cellulase activity. The results indicate that TB supplementation might exert advantage effects on rumen microbial metabolism, despite having an enhancing effect on methanogenesis.

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