The Impact of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural (HMF)‐Metal Interactions on the Electrochemical Reduction Pathways of HMF on Various Metal Electrodes

ChemSusChem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ki Lee ◽  
Stephen R. Kubota ◽  
Aurora N. Janes ◽  
Michael T. Bender ◽  
Jongin Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Metal Interactions ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
The Impact

PRODUCTION OF CO AND CH4IN ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CO2AT METAL ELECTRODES IN AQUEOUS HYDROGENCARBONATE SOLUTION

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Hori ◽  
Katsuhei Kikuchi ◽  
Shin Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes

Progress in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on hierarchical dendritic metal electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Mengyang Fan ◽  
Sébastien Garbarino ◽  
Ana C. Tavares ◽  
Daniel Guay
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

An explanation of reported participation of hydrated electrons as intermediates in electrochemical reduction reactions

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Duncan ◽  
Graham A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Reduction Reactions ◽  
Hydrated Electrons ◽  
Species Being

Suggestions that e−(aq) is involved as a reactant in reduction reactions at metal electrodes are examined. It is shown that an experimental test of the participation of e−(aq) can be devised. The results of this test show that the conventional theory, involving electron transfer directly from the electrode to the species being reduced, provides a better explanation of the reduction process in aqueous solution.

Impact of varying degrees of powdery mildew infection (Uncinula necator (Schwein.) Burrill) on the volatile compounds of Chardonnay grapes, must and wine

OENO One ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Denis Rusjan ◽  
Tjaša Jug ◽  
Mojca Bavcon Kralj
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Taste Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Powdery Mildew Infection

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The aims of this study are (i) to trace the major components responsible for the unpleasant mushroom, earthy and geranium odour in the transformation from grapes to wine in response to powdery mildew infection intensities, (ii) to determine the impact of an aggressive infection on volatile compounds in grapes and wine, and (iii) to determine their effect on the olfactory-taste evaluation of the resulting Chardonnay wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: A GC-MS technique was used to investigate the impacts of different degrees of oidium infections (0, 10, 50 and 100% of infected grapes) on the presence of volatiles in grapes, musts and wines. The number of volatiles was higher in oidium-infected grapes than in noninfected grapes, especially for terpenes, aldehydes and alcohols, with 1- octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 2-heptanol and 2-octenal, the volatiles reminiscent of mushroom-, geranium-, and earthy-like odours, being detected in oidiuminfected grapes only. After overnight clarification, 1-octen-3-ol and 2- heptanol but also methyl-2-furoate were the only mushroom reminiscent volatiles detected in the musts. The infection also caused higher amounts of acetic acid, furfural and some of its derivates (2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, furaneol), most ethyl esters (except ethyl caprylate), 1-hexanol, maltol and 1-decanol in musts. After alcoholic fermentation the number of esters in young wines increased, whereas that of aldehydes decreased, especially in the wines produced from severely infected grapes. Though it was not detected by sensory analysis, we assume that the intensification of the odours reminiscent of pineapple, banana and coconut in the aged wines produced from infected grapes was likely a consequence of the increased amount of esters.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Powdery mildew infection statistically decreased the freshness but enhanced the malty, sweet mouthfeel of Chardonnay wine, and neither the mushroom odour nor taste were perceived, which contradict some previously published findings.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This study gives an answer to the significant problem of wine production from oidium-infected grapes. It reports for the first time the traceability of volatiles highly related to mushroom, earthy and geranium odours from the Chardonnay grapes to the wines. The overnight must clarification decreased the impacts of unpleasant volatiles on must and wine odour. This suggested that the oidium infection of the grapes does not necessarily hinder the production of wine, as no unpleasant odour could be sensory evaluated, not even in the wines made from highly infected grapes.</p>

On the Methodology of Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy to Evaluate Hydrogen Embrittlement

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2354-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Pérez Escobar ◽  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
Lode Duprez ◽  
Marc Verhaege
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
Sample Geometry ◽  
Metal Interactions ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
The Impact

Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) is a very important tool in hydrogen embrittlement (HE) related research and has been applied on many different materials over the last decades in order to improve knowledge on the HE phenomenon. TDS provides the opportunity to distinguish between different types of hydrogen traps based on the analysis of a spectrum with different peak temperatures each corresponding to hydrogen desorption from a specific trap. These peak temperatures, and consequently the different traps in a material, arise from the various microstructural characteristics of the material. However, TDS results are also influenced by many other parameters, such as the sample surface preparation, the electrolytes used for hydrogen charging, sample geometry, charging time, current density, charging temperature. Even though the use of thermal desorption to evaluate hydrogen-metal interactions has increased over the past years, a careful evaluation of the effect of these other parameters was not yet performed. In this work, the impact of some of the above mentioned parameters was studied. It was demonstrated that the sample geometry, the surface roughness, and the initial total pressure of the TDS chamber influenced significantly the obtained TDS spectrum.

Influence of Metal Electrodes on the Charge Extraction of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Gong ◽  
Sumathy Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Schottky Barrier ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Band Diagram ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Continuity Equations ◽  
Charge Extraction ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Work

Abstract A perovskite solar cell in the inverted configuration was modeled and simulated to investigate the impact of the cathode work function on the cell performance. The model utilized the drift-diffusion current equations, coupled with Poisson’s equation and continuity equations to determine the J-V characteristics, the band diagram, and the external quantum efficiencies. It was found the power conversion efficiency (PCE) tended to decrease with the increasing work functions of the metal cathode. The device using low work function metal Ca delivered the best PCE of 16.7%, whereas the one with high work function Au possessed the lowest PCE of 0.3%. These results were in a close agreement with experiments in literature. Photovoltaic parameters (FF, Jsc, and Voc) showed the same tendency and were responsible for the PCE. The band diagram revealed the formation of Schottky barrier was the main reason for the reduction in Voc, and the external quantum efficiency spectrum showed the adverse effect of the Schottky barrier on the charge extraction.

Stress Evolution in Lithium Metal Electrodes and the Impact of Artificial Passivating Layers

2020 ◽  
Vol MA2020-02 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-498
Author(s):  
Jung Hwi Cho ◽  
Xingcheng Xiao ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Huajian Gao ◽  
Brian W. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Evolution ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Understanding Selectivity for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid and Carbon Monoxide on Metal Electrodes

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 4822-4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Feaster ◽  
Chuan Shi ◽  
Etosha R. Cave ◽  
Toru Hatsukade ◽  
David N. Abram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes

Electrocatalytic effects in the electrochemical reduction of pyrazine on single crystal IB metal electrodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
V. Lazarescu ◽  
A. Gutu ◽  
N. Totir ◽  
A. Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Electrocatalytic Effects

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on Various Metal Electrodes in Low‐Temperature Aqueous  KHCO 3 Media

1990 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Azuma ◽  
Kazuhito Hashimoto ◽  
Masahiro Hiramoto ◽  
Masahiro Watanabe ◽  
Tadayoshi Sakata
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes
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