An explanation of reported participation of hydrated electrons as intermediates in electrochemical reduction reactions

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Duncan ◽  
Graham A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Reduction Reactions ◽  
Hydrated Electrons ◽  
Species Being

Suggestions that e−(aq) is involved as a reactant in reduction reactions at metal electrodes are examined. It is shown that an experimental test of the participation of e−(aq) can be devised. The results of this test show that the conventional theory, involving electron transfer directly from the electrode to the species being reduced, provides a better explanation of the reduction process in aqueous solution.

Performance of poly-o-phenylenediamine and its carbon dot composite electrode in the removal of Cu2+ from its aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 2151037
Author(s):  
Yu Meng ◽  
Qing Zhong ◽  
Arzugul Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Carbon Dot ◽  
First Order ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Optimal Ph

Because −NH2 and −NH− in poly-[Formula: see text]-phenylenediamine (P[Formula: see text]PD) can interact strongly with the empty orbitals of Cu to show unique electrochemical activity, P[Formula: see text]PD is suitable for the removal of Cu[Formula: see text] by electrochemical oxidation–reduction process. In this study, with P[Formula: see text]PD and its carbon dot composite (CDs/P[Formula: see text]PD) as working electrodes, the electrochemical reduction and removal of Cu[Formula: see text] in the aqueous solution were carried out with the potentiostatic method. According to effects of voltage, pH of the solution, initial concentration of Cu[Formula: see text], and electrochemical reduction time on the Cu[Formula: see text] removal, the Cu[Formula: see text] removal ratios of P[Formula: see text]PD and CDs/P[Formula: see text]PD were up to 64.69% and 73.34%, respectively, at −0.2 V and the optimal pH. Additionally, results showed that these processes were in line with the quasi-first order kinetic model. Both P[Formula: see text]PD and CDs/P[Formula: see text]PD showed good reproducibility in six cycles. After five times of repeated usage, the regeneration efficiencies of P[Formula: see text]PD and CDs/P[Formula: see text]PD dropped to 77.04% and 79.36%, respectively.

scholarly journals Electrochemical reduction mechanism of several oxides of refractory metals in FClNaKmelts

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Lei Jia ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jing-long Liang ◽  
Hong-yan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Refractory Metals ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Electron Transfer Process ◽  
One Step

AbstractThe dissolution characteristics and electrochemical reduction mechanism of oxides of refractory metals ZrO2, HfO2 and MoO3 in NaCl-KCl-NaF melts are studied. The results shows that there are no chemical reaction of ZrO2 and HfO2 in NaCl-KCl-NaF melts, the dissolution of MoO3 is chemically dissolved, and MoO3 reactwith melts to form Na2Mo2O7. The reduction process of zirconium in the NaCl-KCl-NaF-ZrO2 melts is a reversible process of one-step electron transfer controlled by diffusion. The electrochemical reduction process of ruthenium is a one-step reversible process and the product is insoluble; Electrochemical reduction of metallic molybdenum in melts is controlled by the diffusion and electron transfer process of active ion Mo2O27− . The electrochemical reduction process of the metal molybdenum in the melts is carried out in two steps.

Comparison of Au, Ag Electrode in Carbon Dioxide Electrochemical Reduction under the same Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 362-366
Author(s):  
Xiao Chun Wang ◽  
You Jian Jia ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Jin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Electrochemical System ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Ag Electrode

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been studied on various metal electrodes including main group and transition elements in aqueous solution. Of these electrodes, silver and gold are found to have catalytic activity for the conversion of CO2 to CO with considerably high Faradaic efficiencies. However, no work has been done to evaluate the electrocatalytical property of these two electrodes in the same electrochemical system under the same condition. In present work, we investicate the electrocatalytical property of Ag and Au electrodes in the same electrolysis cell and under the same condition. We found Au electrode exhibits higher current density and higher faradaic efficiency for CO formation than Ag electrode.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide to Hydrocarbons at Various Metal Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Hori ◽  
Akira Murata ◽  
Ryutaro Takahashi ◽  
Shin Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Electrodes

scholarly journals RuIII(edta) complexes as molecular redox catalysts in chemical and electrochemical reduction of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide: inner-sphere versus outer-sphere mechanism

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
pp. 21359-21366
Author(s):  
Debabrata Chatterjee ◽  
Marta Chrzanowska ◽  
Anna Katafias ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Rudi van Eldik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Inner Sphere ◽  
Electron Transfer Processes ◽  
Sphere Mechanism

[RuII(edta)(L)]2–, where edta4– =ethylenediaminetetraacetate; L = pyrazine (pz) and H2O, can reduce molecular oxygen sequentially to hydrogen peroxide and further to water by involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere electron transfer processes.

A New Approach to Fluorescent Chemosensor of Cu2+ Ion

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Hu ◽  
Xin Yan Hu ◽  
Zhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensor ◽  
Dynamic Quenching ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
New Approach

According to the principle of dynamic quenching a new ON-OFF fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ions was designed, this chemosensor was composed of p-tert-butylthiacalix [arene (TCA),sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and perylene through the form of self-assembly in aqueous solution. Addition of Cu2+ions could result in a quenching of the fluorescence emission of perylene inside micelles, which due to intramicellar complex-fluorophore electron-transfer or energy-transfer effects induced by the complexation of TCA with the Cu2+ions.The experimental results indicated that: Under the condition of TCA/perylene was 800/1, SDS concentration was 150mmol/L and pH value above 9, according to the fluorescence quenching ,within a certain range of the concentration of Cu2+ion can be linearly determined.

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