scholarly journals Olfaction at depth: Cribriform plate size declines with dive depth and duration in aquatic arctoid carnivorans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 6929-6953
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Bird ◽  
Iman Hamid ◽  
Lester Fox‐Rosales ◽  
Blaire Van Valkenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Dive Depth ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Plate Size

scholarly journals Olfaction at depth: cribriform plate size declines with dive depth and duration in aquatic arctoids

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Bird ◽  
Iman Hamid ◽  
Blaire Van Valkenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Dive Depth ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Plate Size

scholarly journals Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1874) ◽  
pp. 20180100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Bird ◽  
William J. Murphy ◽  
Lester Fox-Rosales ◽  
Iman Hamid ◽  
Robert A. Eagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Digital Measurement ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Discrete Population

The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSN axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared after accounting for body size. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat ( Smilodon fatalis ), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.

Evaluating the Cribriform Plate Dimensions, Frontal Sinus Ostium Sizes and Frontal Sinus Volume with Computed Tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
Emre Gunbey ◽  
Asli Tanrivermis Sayit ◽  
Hediye Pinar Gunbey ◽  
Yuksel Terzi ◽  
Muzaffer Elmali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Study of the Influence of Annular Plate Size on the Stress-Strain State of a Vertical Steel Tank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Lebedev ◽  
A. B. Kapranova ◽  
I. S. Gudanov ◽  
D. S. Dolgin ◽  
A. A. Vatagin
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Annular Plate ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Steel Tank

Anatomic Variations of Ethmoid Roof and Risk of Skull Base Injury in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Statistical Correlations

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110205
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Fadda ◽  
Alessio Petrelli ◽  
Federica Martino ◽  
Giovanni Succo ◽  
Paolo Castelnuovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Uncinate Process ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Plane Passing

Background Recent developments in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) have increased the need to investigate the complex anatomic variations in the ethmoid roof and skull base, to inform the surgeon about the risk of damaging these crucial areas during ESS. Objective To offer a detailed description of sinus anatomy focusing on the key surgical landmarks in ESS and frontal recess surgery to standardize a systematic approach during the preoperative sinuses imaging evaluation. Methodology: A total of 220 computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to obtain six sets of measurements: the depth of the cribriform plate (CP); the length of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP); the angle formed by the LLCP and the continuation of the horizontal plane passing through the CP; the position of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) at the skull base; the extent of frontal sinus pneumatization (FSP); the type of superior attachment of the uncinate process (SAUP). Results The length of the LLCP was statistically significantly correlated with the different Keros classification types, the angle formed by the LLCP with the continuation of the horizontal plane passing through the CP, and with the AEA position at the skull base. The depth of the olfactory fossa was correlated with FSP. Conclusions According to the Keros and Gera classifications, the data obtained from these evaluations allow the assessment of anatomic-radiological risk profiles and can help identify those patients who are high risk for ethmoid roof injury.

Lateral Lamella of Cribriform Plate (LLCP): A Computed Tomography Radiological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Sasmal ◽  
Mamata Singh ◽  
Smrutirekha Nayak ◽  
Suvankar Panda ◽  
P. Narmada Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Radiological Analysis

scholarly journals Experimental Research on The Coupling Effect of Hole Plate Size and Initial Pressure on The Pressure of Methane-Air Explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 042022
Author(s):  
Fan-dong Chen ◽  
Yun-long Ma ◽  
Guang-yu Yang ◽  
Yi-ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Air Explosion

scholarly journals Plate Size and Color Suggestibility: The Delboeuf Illusion’s Bias on Serving and Eating Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koert Van Ittersum ◽  
Brian Wansink
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Plate Size

scholarly journals Gross morphology and microstructure of type locality ossicles of Psephophorus polygonus Meyer, 1847 (Testudines, Dermochelyidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMO DELFINO ◽  
TORSTEN M. SCHEYER ◽  
FRANCESCO CHESI ◽  
TAMARA FLETCHER ◽  
RICHARD GEMEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Growth Centres

AbstractPsephophorus polygonus Meyer, 1847, the first fossil leatherback turtle to be named, was described on the basis of shell ossicles from the middle Miocene (MN6–7/8?) of Slovakia. The whereabouts of this material is uncertain but a slab on display at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien is considered the neotype. We rediscovered further type locality ossicles in four European institutions, re-evaluated their gross morphology and described for the first time their microstructure by comparing them with Dermochelys coriacea, the only living dermochelyid turtle. The gross morphology is congruent with that already described for P. polygonus, but with two significant exceptions: the ridged ossicles of P. polygonus may have a distinctly concave ventral surface as well as a tectiform shape in cross-section. They do not develop the external keel typical of many ossicles of D. coriacea. Both ridged and non-ridged ossicles of P. polygonus are characterized by compact diploe structures with an internal cortex consisting of a coarse fibrous meshwork, whereas the proportionately thinner ossicles of D. coriacea tend to lose the internal cortex, and thus their diploe, during ontogeny. The ossicles of both P. polygonus and D. coriacea differ from those of other lineages of amniotes whose carapace is composed of polygonal ossicles or platelets, in having growth centres situated at the plate centres just interior to the external bone surface and not within the cancellous core or closer to the internal compact layer. The new diagnosis of P. polygonus allows us to preliminarily re-evaluate the taxonomy of some of the Psephophorus-like species. Despite some macro- and micromorphological differences, it seems likely that Psephophorus was as cosmopolitan as extant Dermochelys and had a broadly similar ecology, with a possible difference concerning the dive depth.

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