scholarly journals Strong isolation by distance among local populations of an endangered butterfly species ( Euphydryas aurinia )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cino Pertoldi ◽  
Aritz Ruiz‐Gonzalez ◽  
Simon Bahrndorff ◽  
Nanna Renee Lauridsen ◽  
Thøger Nisbeth Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Euphydryas Aurinia ◽  
Local Populations

scholarly journals Null expectation of spatial correlograms under a stochastic process of genetic divergence with small sample sizes

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles ◽  
José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Pair Group

An Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process was used to simulate the exponential relationship between genetic divergence and geographic distances, as predicted by stochastic processes of population differentiation, such as isolation-by-distance, stepping-stone or coalescence models. These simulations were based only on the spatial coordinates of the local populations that defined a spatial unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) link among them. The simulated gene frequency surfaces were then analyzed using spatial autocorrelation procedures and Nei's genetic distances, constructed with different numbers of variables (gene frequencies). Stochastic divergence in space produced strong spatial patterns at univariate and mutivariate levels. Using a relatively small number of local populations, the correlogram profiles varied considerably, with Manhattan distances greater than those defined by other simulation studies. This method allows one to establish a range of correlogram profiles under the same stochastic process of spatial divergence, thereby avoiding the use of unnecessary explanations of genetic divergence based on other microevolutionary processes.

The genetic consequences of different dispersal behaviours in Lycaenid butterfly species

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Habel ◽  
T. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Lycaenid Butterfly ◽  
Allozyme Loci

AbstractMany studies in population ecology have shown that related species have different dispersal behaviours. Species with sedentary and migratory behaviour exist in butterflies. While the genetic responses to population isolation are well studied, the effects of different dispersal behaviours of species are widely unknown. Therefore, we analysed 19 allozyme loci of two lycaenid butterflies,Cupido minimusas a sedentary butterfly andAricia agestisas a mobile and expansive species. We collected 594 individuals (280 ofC. minimusand 314 ofA. agestis) in a western German study region with adjacent areas in Luxembourg and northeastern France. The genetic differentiation among populations ofA. agestis(FST=3.9%) was lower than inC. minimus(FST=5.6%). Both species built up an isolation-by-distance system, which is more pronounced inA. agestisthan inC. minimus. The genetic diversity inC. minumuspopulations (e.g.Ptot=73.5%) is higher for all analysed parameters than inA. agestis(e.g.Ptot=52.1%). Both species show specific genetic characteristics fitting with their different dispersal behaviours and respective ecological strategies. In the light of conservation genetics, we deduce that highly fragmented populations do not necessarily have a high extinction probability, but this risk depending much more on specific population genetic structures. In the studied species,C. minimuspreserves a complex genetic constitution by high population densities. The patchily distributedA. agestisrepresents less rare alleles, present only in some populations, and holds up genetic diversity by high mobility.

scholarly journals Picromerus bidens (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as predator of the Checkerspot Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvička ◽  
Vladimir Hula ◽  
Zdenek Fric
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Euphydryas Aurinia ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Western Bohemia ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Marsh Fritillary

The predatory bug Picromerus bidens is reported as a regular predator of the Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia from the region of western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Adult bugs attack pre-diapause larvae, either exposed or hidden in protective silken webs, and exhibit efficient behaviour, including returning to previously attacked webs. We observed predation in six out of 28 and eleven out of 21 local populations in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In addition, we observed two attacks by nymphs on handicapped adult butterflies. Predation of Melitaeinae by Heteroptera seems to be a widespread phenomenon, and P. bidens can act as a substantial mortality factor in small colonies of E. aurinia.

scholarly journals Population Genetics of the Black Citrus Aphid Aphis aurantii (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ling Liu ◽  
Zhi-Teng Chen ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xing-Long Wu ◽  
Ke-Jun Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Recent Population Expansion ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Local Populations

The black citrus aphid, Aphis aurantiiBoyer de Fonscolombe, 1841, is one of the most destructive pests in commercial tea plantations and gardens in China. In this study, we investigated the population genetic structure of A. aurantii based on the concatenated sequences of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and cytochrome b (cytb). A total of 166 haplotypes were identified from 177 individuals collected at 11 locations in China. The whole Chinese A. aurantii population showed a low nucleotide diversity (0.00968) and a high population diversity (haplotype diversity; 0.9991). The haplotypes of the 11 local populations were widely distributed in the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and haplotype network diagram, whereas no apparent lineages were detected. Gene flow analysis showed gene exchanges among local populations. The pairwise Fst values revealed a certain amount of genetic difference among local populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) reflected genetic differences both within and among populations. The isolation by distance (IBD) analysis revealed a high positive correlation between the geographic distance and genetic distance of the different populations. Neutral test and mismatch distribution suggested that A. aurantii may have experienced recent population expansion events.

scholarly journals Natural history of some Siberian melitaeine butterfly species (Nymphalidae: Melitaeini) and their parasitoids

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Wahlberg, ◽  
Jaakko Kullberg ◽  
Ilkka Hanski
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Euphydryas Aurinia ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Hymenopteran Parasitoids ◽  
Butterfly Larvae

We report observations on the larval gregarious behaviour, host plant use and parasitoids of six species of melitaeine butterfly in the Russian Republic of Buryatia. We observed post-diapause larvae in two habitats, steppe and taiga forest region. Five species were found in the steppe region: Euphydryas aurinia davidi, Melitaea cinxia, M. latonigena, M. didymoides and M. phoebe. Three species (M. cinxia, M. latonigena and M. didymoides) fed on the same host plant, Veronica incana (Plantaginaceae). Euphydryas aurinia larvae were found on Scabiosa comosa (Dipsacaceae) and M. phoebe larvae on Stemmacantha uniflora (Asteraceae). Three species were found in the taiga region (M. cinxia, M. latonigena and M. centralasiae), of which the first two fed on Veronica incana. Five species of hymenopteran parasitoids and three species of dipteran parasitoids were reared from the butterfly larvae of five species.

Cultivating Ice over Time: On the Idea of Timeless Knowledge and Places in the Himalayas

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Indian Himalayas ◽  
Over Time

Assumptions that local communities have an endogenous capacity to adapt to climate change stemming from time-tested knowledge and an inherent sense of community that prompts mobilisation are becoming increasingly common in material produced by international organisations. This discourse, which relies on ahistorical and apolitical conceptions of localities and populations, is based on ideas of timeless knowledge and places. Analysing the water-place nexus in Ladakh, in the Indian Himalayas, through a close study of glacier practices as they change over time, the article argues that local knowledge is subject to change and must be analysed in light of changing conceptions and experiences of place by the state and by local populations alike.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Commercial Environment

This chapter introduces the concept of extralegal groups and a theoretical framework for analyzing them—how they emerge, develop, and become entrenched over time. It explores their dual nature as threats to the state and as local statebuilders. Formally, an extralegal group is defined as a set of individuals with a proven capacity for violence who work outside the law for profit and provide basic governance functions to sustain its business interests. This framing shows how political authority can develop as a by-product of the commercial environment, even where the state has little or no presence. In post-conflict societies, the predatory nature and historical abuses of citizens conducted in the name of the state means that government is not always more trusted or better able to look after the interests of local populations than an extralegal group. Ultimately, extralegal groups blur the lines between the formal and informal; the licit and illicit.

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