scholarly journals Reflections of ecological differences? Stress responses of sympatric Alpine chamois and red deer to weather, forage quality, and human disturbance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Anderwald ◽  
Seraina Campell Andri ◽  
Rupert Palme
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Alpine Chamois ◽  
Ecological Differences

scholarly journals Red deer Cervus elephus vigilance behaviour differs with habitat and type of human disturbance

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevvandi Jayakody ◽  
Angela M. Sibbald ◽  
Iain J. Gordon ◽  
Xavier Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Vigilance Behaviour

scholarly journals Consequences of climate-induced vegetation changes exceed those of human disturbance for wild impala in the Serengeti ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hunninck ◽  
R May ◽  
C R Jackson ◽  
R Palme ◽  
E Røskaft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract In East Africa, climate change is predicted to reduce vegetation quality, and pervasive human disturbance has already resulted in significant declines in biodiversity. We studied the combined effects of reduced forage quality and human disturbance on faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations. We predicted that decreasing nutritional quality and increasing human disturbance would have an additive positive effect on FGM levels in wild impala (Aepyceros melampus). Employing a space-for-time approach, we used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a measure of forage quality, combined with spatially explicit proxies of human disturbance across areas of different protection management strategies in the Serengeti ecosystem. We collected 639 faecal samples, spread over 4 years, including both wet and dry seasons. Impala FGM levels increased significantly with declining NDVI and, to a lesser extent, with increasing proxies for human disturbance. However, we found no interaction between the two, such that impala had elevated FGM levels with low NDVI and low FGM levels with high NDVI regardless of human disturbance levels. This implies that impala will have high FGM levels if forage quality is poor, even with significant protection and reduced human disturbance. Understanding how animals respond to and cope with changes in forage quality and human land use across different protected areas is important for conservationists and managers to better protect species at risk and predict population viability.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Primary Productivity Influences Competitive Interactions between Red Deer and Alpine Chamois

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Anderwald ◽  
Rudolf M. Haller ◽  
Flurin Filli
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Alpine Chamois

scholarly journals Raging elephants: effects of human disturbance on physiological stress and reproductive potential in wild Asian elephants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchun Tang ◽  
Wenwen Li ◽  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xiaotong Shang ◽  
Xianming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Fecal Cortisol

Abstract Human disturbance has become a widespread threat to wildlife viability. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), an endangered and disturbance-prone species, is under severe threat from habitat loss and fragmentation, human–elephant conflict and poaching. Establishing connections between human disturbance, stress responses and reproduction is crucial for assessing the long-term survivability of a species and will provide critical information for conservation management. The current study investigated the effects of human disturbance on population-level stress responses and stress-related effects on reproductive potential of wild Asian elephants in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, China. We used a radioimmunoassay to measure the concentration of fecal cortisol and estradiol in 257 samples collected from five local populations at 15 sites over 4 years. Human disturbance in Xishuangbanna was quantified based on the Ecological-Niche Factor Analysis model. We found that fecal cortisol concentrations were strongly positively correlated with the degree of human disturbance and increased markedly with the expansion of tea plantations. Percentage of non-stressed individuals in a population was higher depending on the extend of undisturbed area in their home ranges. Fecal estradiol concentrations decreased significantly with increasing stress levels. Our results suggest that human disturbance poses environmental challenges to wild Asian elephant populations, and chronic exposure to human disturbance could lead to population decline. The study demonstrates the efficacy of non-invasive endocrine monitoring for further informing management decisions and developing conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of human disturbance on the diet composition of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevvandi Jayakody ◽  
Angela M. Sibbald ◽  
Robert W. Mayes ◽  
Russell J. Hooper ◽  
Iain J. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Red Deer

scholarly journals How do red deer react to increased visitor numbers? A case study on human-deer encounter probability and its effect on cortisol stress responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Gabriel Dixon ◽  
Andrew S. Marriott ◽  
Graham Stelfox ◽  
Chris Dunkerley ◽  
Sven P. Batke
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Encounter Probability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visitor Numbers

The numbers of visitors to greenspaces in the United Kingdom has increased over the last few years as the health benefits of spending time in greenspaces have become better known. This has led to problems for conservation ecologists due to increased numbers of reported human-wildlife encounters. Deer are often found in public spaces and are of particular concern. Previous research suggests elevated levels of stress hormones (e.g., cortisol) in deer is a result of increased human activity. This has been linked to several negative effects on the deer’s health. From a practitioner’s point of view, it is therefore important to implement effective management strategies that are based on scientific evidence to help ensure the welfare of managed deer populations. In an effort to identify the impact of visitor numbers on faecal cortisol concentrations, samples from 2 red deer (Cervus elaphus) herds in Lyme Park (Cheshire), United Kingdom, were collected and analysed. A predictive spatial model was developed based on logistic regression to identify areas within the park of low and high human-deer encounter probability. The faecal cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher on days with a high number of visitors. In addition, landscape features such as buildings and roads increased the probability of human-deer encounters, whereas woodland and scrub decreased the probability. However, human-deer encounter probability changed with distance to the features. By providing local park managers with this scientific data, these findings can directly inform current management efforts to reduce deer stress levels in Lyme Park. In addition, the spatial modelling method has the capacity to be implemented in other parks across the country with minimal cost and effort.

scholarly journals BABESIA CAPREOLI INFECTIONS IN ALPINE CHAMOIS (RUPICAPRA R. RUPICAPRA), ROE DEER (CAPREOLUS C. CAPREOLUS) AND RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS) FROM SWITZERLAND

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hoby ◽  
Alexander Mathis ◽  
Marcus G. Doherr ◽  
Nadia Robert ◽  
Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Alpine Chamois

Effects of yarding and handling procedures on stress responses of red deer stags (Cervus elaphus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Carragher ◽  
John R. Ingram ◽  
Lindsay R. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Red Deer

scholarly journals Nematode Ashworthius sidemi Schulz, 1933 (Trichostrongylidae: Haemonchinae) in mountain ecosystems – potential risk for the Tatra chamois Rupipacra rupicapra tatrica (Blahout, 1971/1972)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Nosal ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽  
Gabriela Chovancová
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Ashworthius Sidemi ◽  
Alpine Chamois

Abstract Background Native to Asia highly pathogenic nematode Ashworthius sidemi is now in Europe, and several dozen years after its introduction is a widespread parasite of all wild cervids. For bovids, the nematode is a significant threat to the European bison (Bison bonasus) population and has also been found in mouflon (Ovis aries musimon). This study aimed to assess the risk of infection for the endemic subspecies of northern (Alpine) chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) – Tatra chamois (R. r. tatrica), having a critically endangered status. Methods The study was conducted in mountainous areas of Slovakia and Poland occupied by Tatra chamois (R. r. tatrica), Alpine chamois (R. r. rupicapra), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Animals (n = 93) shot during licensed hunting and killed in road accidents (roe deer, red deer), or died a natural death (chamois) were post-mortem examined on the presence of Haemonchinae. Results A. sidemi affected all of the roe deer, and 90.0% of red deer examined. As regards chamois, it was found in one R. rupicapra originating from the Low Tatras, but not in any pure R. r. tatrica individual living in High and Western Tatras. The present work is the first confirmation of northern chamois infection with this alien, blood-sucking nematode. Conclusions Due to an important health hazard related to A. sidemi infection for the Tatra chamois (R. r. tatrica), appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the possibility of parasite transmission between various cervid species living in the Tatra area, as well as the affected population of chamois, and the pure Tatra chamois population existing in the higher parts of the mountains, constituting their natural habitat.

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