A mathematical technique for estimating the melting points of triacylglycerols from the component fatty acid melting points

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1240-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Maruzeni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Component Fatty Acid ◽  
Mathematical Technique ◽  
Melting Points

Seasonal variations in the component fatty acid distributions of the lipids of Balanus balanoides

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Gardner ◽  
J. P. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Component Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio ◽  
June July ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

A study has been made of the seasonal variations in the component acids of the lipid fractions of Balanus balanoides. The relative proportions of the polyenoic acids in the triglycerides drop sharply during the winter. They reach a minimum in the early spring and then gradually rise to a maximum in the late autumn. These changes are largely balanced by increases in the saturated acids, principally 16:0 and 18 :o.1 During the winter there is a marked decrease in the triglyceride to phospholipid ratio as the depot fats are mobilised as food reserves. The proportions of the polyethenoid acids in the phospholipids decline slowly during the winter and spring and attain their minimum in June-July. This fall is mainly counterbalanced by increases in the amounts of saturated acids, principally 14:0 and 16:0. It seems likely that the observed decreases in the polyenoic acids are brought about by selective utilization of these compounds as reserves during the winter when food is scarce and depot lipid has been depleted.

Phosphonolipids. XXIII. Synthesis of phosphonic acid analogues of L-α-(N-methyl)cephalins

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Baer ◽  
Sripada K. Pavanaram
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Phosphorus Pentachloride ◽  
Aliphatic Acid ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

A procedure for the synthesis of the racemic as well as both enantiomeric forms of phosphonic acid analogues of α-(N-methyl)cephalins has been developed. The synthesis of two representative members of a homologous series of L-α-phosphono(N-methyl)cephalins with saturated aliphatic acid substituents is described in detail. They were obtained by phosphonylating D-α,β-distearin and D-α,β-dipalmitin, respectively, with (N-carbobenzoxy,N-methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid monochloride and tri-ethylamine, and removing the protective carbobenzoxy group of the diaeyl-L-α-glyceryl-(N-carbobenzoxy,N-methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphonates by catalytic hydrogenolysis. The (N-carbobenzoxy,N-methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and its monochloride were prepared by treating the sodium salt of (N-methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid with carbobenzoxychloride, and converting the (N-carbobenzoxy,N-methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid to the chloride by means of phosphorus pentachloride. α-Phosphono(N-methyl)cephalins, α-(N-methyl)cephalins, and α-cehalins with identical fatty acid substituents have similar melting points, specific rotations, and solubility properties. The α-phosphono(N-ethyl)cephalins can be readily separated from α-(N-methyl)cephalins and α-cephalins by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel H or G.

Carcass Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of Subcutaneous, Intramuscular and Liver Fat from Iberian Pigs Fed in Confinement only with Acorns or a Formulated Diet

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Daza ◽  
D. Menoyo ◽  
C.J. López Bote
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Formulated Diet

Twenty castrated male Iberian pigs were divided into two groups of 10 pigs each according to the experimental diet received daily during the fattening period in confinement (acorn fed ad libitum or 4 kg of a formulated diet rich in C18:1 n—9). Dietary effects on performance, carcass characteristics and backfat, intramuscular, and liver fatty acid composition were assessed. Pigs fed only with acorns ate less, leading to a lower growth performance and carcass quality than pigs fed the formulated diet. Pigs fed acorns had lower C16:0 proportions in outer, inner, and subinner subcutaneous backfat layers. The C18:1 n—9 proportions in the inner and subinner subcutaneous backfat layers were higher in pigs fed acorns than in those fed the formulated diet. Pigs fed acorns had higher C18:2 n—6 proportion than those fed the formulated diet in outer subcutaneous backfat layer. The diet did not affect outer, inner, and subinner subcutaneous backfat melting points. Except a higher C18:0 in intramuscular fat polar lipids and higher C16:1 n—9 in the liver polar lipid fraction in pigs fed acorns, the diet had no significant effect on intramuscular and liver fatty acid composition.

FATTY ACID AND GLYCERIDE GLYCEROL SYNTHESIS FROM GLUCOSE DURING HIGH RATES OF GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN THE INTACT RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. W. de Freitas ◽  
Florent Depocas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Component Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Total Glucose

The extent of incorporation of glucose carbon into total lipids and component fatty acid, neutral glyceride glycerol, and phosphoglyceride glycerol moieties of carcass, liver, and epididymal tissue has been measured in 20 rats under conditions of constant plasma glucose concentration and specific activity. Rates of fatty acid synthesis from glucose and absolute rates of synthesis have also been estimated. Each rat received 750 mg glucose per hour by continuous infusion. The incorporation of glucose carbon into carcass, liver, and epididymal fat was, respectively, 6.2, 0.75, and 0.06% of the total glucose carbon taken up by the rat tissues. Fifty percent of the C14 found in total lipids of carcass and liver was in the fatty acid fraction. Corresponding glyceride glycerol moieties contained approximately 40% of the total activity. The low level of incorporation of glucose carbon into fatty acids and glyceride glycerol indicates that lipogenesis from glucose can only account for a small proportion of the total glucose taken up by the tissues, even at high rates of glucose uptake. Rates of synthesis from glucose of carcass and liver fatty acids were estimated as 1.5 and 0.11 mmoles fatty acid per tissue per day respectively, with corresponding half-lives of 57 and 7.6 days. Absolute rates of fatty acid synthesis were estimated as 2.6 and 0.55 mmoles fatty acid per day for carcass and liver tissue respectively, with corresponding half-lives of 34 and 4.6 days.

scholarly journals Regiospecific Positioning of Palmitic Acid in Triacylglycerol Structure of Enzymatically Modified Lipids Affects Physicochemical and In Vitro Digestion Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4015
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Jun Chang ◽  
Jeung-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Fat Crystals ◽  
Triacylglycerol Structure ◽  
Acetone Fractionation

Tripalmitin-(PPP, 81.2%), 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol-(POP, 64.4%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol-(PPO, 86.5%), and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-(OPO, 50.2%)-rich lipids with different regiospecific positions of palmitic acid (P) were synthesized via acetone fractionation and lipase-catalyzed acidolysis, and their physicochemical and hydrolytic characteristics were compared. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) with higher content of P, wherein P was at the sn-1 (or 3) position, had higher melting points, crystallization temperatures, and packing densities of fat crystals compared to those with a lower content of P, and with P at the sn-2 position. The in vitro digestion degree calculated as released fatty acid (FA) (%) at 30, 60, and 120 min was in the following order: OPO-rich > PPO-rich > POP-rich lipids. At 120 min, in vitro digestion of the OPO-rich lipid released 92.6% of fatty acids, resulting in the highest digestibility, while 89.7% and 87.2% of fatty acids were released from the OPO-rich and PPO-rich lipids, respectively. Over the digestion period, the TAG and monoacylglycerol (MAG) contents decreased, while the diacylglycerol (DAG) content initially increased and then decreased, and the 1,2-DAG content exceeded the 1,3-DAG content. Therefore, the content and stereospecific position of P attached to a specific TAG affected the physicochemical and in vitro digestion characteristics of the lipids.

Abstract 1251: Lipophilic Index of Fatty Acid Fluidity in Erythrocyte and Plasma and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L Ding ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
Frank B Hu
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Nested Case Control

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that fatty acid (FA) binding affinity, viscosity, and cellular membrane fluidity together may play important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Conventional classifications also incompletely capture the wide heterogeneity of diverse FAs. Via a novel etiologic paradigm, we investigate the Lipophilic Index (LI) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Prospective nested case-control study in a cohort of 32,826 U.S. women who provided baseline blood in 1989 –1990. During 6-years follow-up, 166 incident CHD cases were matched with 327 controls. Assaying full FA profiles via gas chromatography, 43 FAs were identified in plasma and erythrocytes. We developed a novel FA risk index based on molecular properties of fat lipophilicity, constructed upon FA melting points, and parameterized via individual weighted summation of melting points; the LI was constructed upon 32 unique FAs with official melting points. Among controls, mean (SD) lipophilicity was 16.8°C (2.48) for Plasma-LI and 17.1°C (1.5) for Erythrocyte-LI, r=0.54. In prospective analyses, increasing Plasma-LI and Erythrocyte-LI were strongly associated with greater risk of CHD in both crude and multivariable models: RR=3.56 (95%CI: 1.48 – 8.67, P-trend=0.001) for Plasma-LI, and RR=3.80 (1.12–12.9, P-trend=0.03) for Erythrocyte-LI, comparing extreme quintiles. Individuals with higher LI also exhibited adverse lipid profiles, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Notably, higher Plasma-LI was associated with having low HDL<40mg/dl (OR per-SD=2.71, 1.91–3.84; P<0.0001), elevated triglycerides>=150mg/dl (OR=3.89, 2.83–5.35; P<0.0001), hypertension (OR=1.34, 1.07–1.66; P=0.009), elevated HbA1c>=6% (OR=1.50, 1.17–1.91; P=0.001), and highest quintile of E-selectin (OR=1.92, 1.47–2.50; P<0.0001). LI trends with CHD risk also persisted after adjustment for these metabolic risk factors, plus trans and total fat intakes. The Lipophilic Index of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids is strongly associated with adverse metabolic profiles and higher risk of CHD development. Findings support a novel mechanism that fatty acid lipophilicity is important in CHD pathogenesis.

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