A case series to investigate food-related fear learning and extinction using in vivo food exposure in anorexia nervosa: A clinical application of the inhibitory learning framework

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of postoperative corticosteroids on surgical outcome and autotaxin (ATX) levels after microhook ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract surgery (μLOT-CS), prospective, consecutive non-randomized case series comparing outcomes of 30 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma was performed. The aqueous ATX, intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications were monitored for 3 months postoperatively. An in-vivo mouse μLOT model was generated. In vitro, ATX and fibrotic changes induced by dexamethasone (Dex) treatment following scratch (S) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic assay, and RT-qPCR. Postoperative ATX at 1 week and the number of antiglaucoma medications at 3 months were significantly lower in non-steroid group, and steroid use was the only variable significantly associated with postoperative medications at 3 months in multiregression analyses. In vitro, ATX activity was significantly upregulated in the Dex + S group, and αSMA was significantly upregulated in the Dex and Dex + S groups. Fibronectin and COL1A1 were significantly upregulated in the S group. μLOT-CS decreased IOP and medications in the overall cohort, and non-use of postoperative steroids resulted in a smaller number of postoperative medications. Limiting postoperative steroids in μLOT may minimize IOP elevation and postoperative fibrosis.

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Gender and Sex Are Key Determinants in Osteoarthritis Not Only Confounding Variables. A Systematic Review of Clinical Data

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10143178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 3178

Author(s):

Matilde Tschon ◽

Deyanira Contartese ◽

Stefania Pagani ◽

Veronica Borsari ◽

Milena Fini

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Case Series ◽

Cartilage Volume ◽

Review Literature ◽

Care Needs ◽

Clinical Pain

Many risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) have been noted, while gender/sex differences have been understated. The work aimed to systematically review literature investigating as primary aim the relationship between gender/sex related discriminants and OA. The search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Knowledge in the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria were limited to clinical studies of patients affected by OA in any joints, analyzing as primary aim gender/sex differences. Exclusion criteria were review articles, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, case series studies and papers in which gender/sex differences were adjusted as confounding variable. Of the 120 records screened, 42 studies were included. Different clinical outcomes were analyzed: morphometric differences, followed by kinematics, pain, functional outcomes after arthroplasty and health care needs of patients. Women appear to use more health care, have higher OA prevalence, clinical pain and inflammation, decreased cartilage volume, physical difficulty, and smaller joint parameters and dimensions, as compared to men. No in-depth studies or mechanistic studies analyzing biomarker differential expressions, molecular pathways and omic profiles were found that might drive preclinical and clinical research towards sex-/gender-oriented protocols.

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FERTILITY PRESERVATION WITH IN VIVO OOCYTE RETRIEVAL AMONG YOUNG WOMEN WITH OVARIAN CANCER: A CASE SERIES

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.10.024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. e257

Author(s):

Alex Robles ◽

Brittany Noel Robles ◽

Laura C. Gemmell ◽

Paula C. Brady

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Fertility Preservation ◽

Young Women ◽

Case Series ◽

Oocyte Retrieval

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Rifampin Combination Therapy for Nonmycobacterial Infections

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.00034-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 14-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

Graeme N. Forrest ◽

Kimberly Tamura

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽

Case Series ◽

Source Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Joint Infections ◽

Prosthetic Joint Infections

SUMMARY The increasing emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has resulted in the increased use of rifampin combination therapy. The data supporting rifampin combination therapy in nonmycobacterial infections are limited by a lack of significantly controlled clinical studies. Therefore, its current use is based upon in vitro or in vivo data or retrospective case series, all with major limitations. A prominent observation from this review is that rifampin combination therapy appears to have improved treatment outcomes in cases in which there is a low organism burden, such as biofilm infections, but is less effective when effective surgery to obtain source control is not performed. The clinical data support rifampin combination therapy for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections due to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) after extensive debridement and for the treatment of prosthetic heart valve infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Importantly, rifampin-vancomycin combination therapy has not shown any benefit over vancomycin monotherapy against MRSA infections either clinically or experimentally. Rifampin combination therapy with daptomycin, fusidic acid, and linezolid needs further exploration for these severe MRSA infections. Lastly, an assessment of the risk-benefits is needed before the addition of rifampin to other antimicrobials is considered to avoid drug interactions or other drug toxicities.

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Readiness and motivation to change in the treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa: a case series

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/2050-2974-2-s1-o8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Carter ◽

Susan Byrne ◽

Karina Allen ◽

Anthea Fursland

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Case Series ◽

Motivation To Change

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A case series investigation between transaminitis and the improvement in body mass index trend among patients with anorexia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified of the anorexia nervosa type

Journal of Obesity & Eating Disorders ◽

10.21767/2471-8203.100011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Goh Kye Hock Robin

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Body Mass ◽

Case Series ◽

Not Otherwise Specified

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Renal circulatory occlusion and local cooling

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1959.14.2.227 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

S. Birkeland ◽

A. Vogt ◽

J. Krog ◽

C. Semb

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Renal Artery ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Renal Ischemia ◽

Local Cooling ◽

Experimental Procedure ◽

Reversible Lesion ◽

Initial Depression

A method was developed for local kidney cooling in vivo, evaluated in dogs and applied clinically. In dogs a reversible lesion was not obtained if renal ischemia lasted beyond 1 hour at 37℃. Application of local cooling (10±5℃) extended the tolerance time to 7 hours, with clamping of the entire renal pedicle, and to 12 hours with occlusion of the renal artery alone. Exposure of the same kidney to a second occlusion period (up to 9 hr.) resulted in a reversible lesion. Renal function studies (CU, CIn, CPAH and TmPAH) showed the same pattern (initial depression and course of recovery) as after renal ischemia at body temperature. Initial depression was roughly paralleling the duration of clamping. Preischemic function values were, in most instances, reached 3 months following the experimental procedure. Physiological aspects of ‘local cooling’ are discussed and the advantages over general hypothermia are pointed out. The technique used for clinical application is described. Submitted on April 25, 1958

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The Clinical Application of Porous Tantalum and Its New Development for Bone Tissue Engineering

10.20944/preprints202104.0348.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gan Huang ◽

Shu-Ting Pan ◽

Jia-Xuan Qiu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Application ◽

Bone Ingrowth ◽

Primary Stability ◽

High Porosity ◽

Marginal Bone Loss ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Porous Tantalum ◽

New Development

Porous tantalum (Ta) is a promising biomaterial and has been applied in orthopedics and dentistry for nearly two decades. The high porosity and interconnected pore structure of porous Ta promise fine bone ingrowth and new bone formation within the inner space, which further guarantee rapid osteointegration and bone-implant stability in long term. Porous Ta has high wettability and surface energy that can facilitate adherence, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Meanwhile, low elastic modulus and high friction coefficient of porous Ta can effectively avoid stress shield effect, minimize marginal bone loss and ensure primary stability. Accordingly, the satisfactory clinical application of porous Ta based implants or prostheses are mainly derived from its excellent biological and mechanical properties. With the advent of additive manufacturing, personalized porous Ta based implants or prostheses have shown their clinical value in the treatment of individual patient who need specially designed implant or prosthesis. In addition, many modification methods have been introduced to enhance the bioactivity and antibacterial property of porous Ta with promising in vitro and in vivo research results. In any case, choosing suitable patients is of great importance to guarantee surgical success after porous Ta insertion.

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Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Position Standing in 2021

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.659577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Safaet Alam ◽

Taslima Binte Kamal ◽

Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker ◽

Jin-Rong Zhou ◽

S. M. Abdur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Case Series ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

World Health ◽

Current Status ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Health Organization ◽

Meta Analyses

COVID-19, transmitted by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the most serious pandemic situations in the history of mankind, and has already infected a huge population across the globe. This horrendously contagious viral outbreak was first identified in China and within a very short time it affected the world's health, transport, economic, and academic sectors. Despite the recent approval of a few anti-COVID-19 vaccines, their unavailability and insufficiency along with the lack of other potential therapeutic options are continuing to worsen the situation, with valuable lives continuing to be lost. In this situation, researchers across the globe are focusing on repurposing prospective drugs and prophylaxis such as favipiravir, remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, lopinavir-ritonavir, azithromycin, doxycycline, ACEIs/ARBs, rivaroxaban, and protease inhibitors, which were preliminarily based on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and toxicological study reports followed by clinical applications. Based on available preliminary data derived from limited clinical trials, the US National Institute of Health (NIH) and USFDA also recommended a few drugs to be repurposed i.e., hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and favipiravir. However, World Health Organization later recommended against the use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. Combining basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drug molecules as well as in silico approaches, many drug candidates have been investigated in clinical trials, some of which have been proven to be partially effective against COVID-19, and many of the other drugs are currently under extensive screening. The repurposing of prospective drug candidates from different stages of evaluation can be a handy wellspring in COVID-19 management and treatment along with approved anti-COVID-19 vaccines. This review article combined the information from completed clinical trials, case series, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and retrospective studies to focus on the current status of repurposing drugs in 2021.

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