The effect of long‐term aerial exposure on intertidal mudflat erodibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 3623-3638
Author(s):  
Hieu M. Nguyen ◽  
Karin R. Bryan ◽  
Conrad A. Pilditch
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Mudflat ◽  
Aerial Exposure

The Effect of Long-Term Aerial Exposure on Heart Rate, Ventilation, Respiratory Gas Exchange and Acid-Base Status in the Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes

1981 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
E. W. TAYLOR ◽  
MICHÈLE G. WHEATLY
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Content Difference ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Lactate Levels

1. When first removed into air, crayfish showed transient increases in heart rate (fH) and scaphognathite rate (fR) which rapidly recovered to submerged levels and were unchanged for 24 h. The rate of O2 consumption(Moo2) increased from an initially low level and was then maintained for 24 h in air at the same level as in settled submerged animals. 2. There was an initial acidosis in the haemolymph which was both respiratory and metabolic due to the accumulation of CO2 and lactate. Progressive compensation by elevation of the levels of bicarbonate buffer in the haemolymph and reduction of circulating lactate levels returned pH towards submerged levels after 24 h in air. 3. Exposure to air resulted in a marked internal hypoxia with haemolymph O2, tensions, both postbranchial Pa, oo2 and prebranchial Pv, oo2, remaining low throughout the period of exposure. The oxygen content or the haemolymph was initially reduced, with a - vOO2 content difference close to zero. Within 24 h both Ca, oo2 and Cv, OO2 had returned towards their levels in submerged animals. These changes are explained by the Bohr shift on the haemocyanin consequent upon the measured pH changes. 4. After 48 h in air, MO2 and fH were significantly reduced and ventilation became intermittent. There was a slight secondary acidosis, increase in lactic acid levels and reduction in a - vO2 content difference in the haemolymph. 5. When crayfish were returned to water after 24 h in air, MOO2, fHfR were initially elevated by disturbance and there was a period of hyperventilation. In the haemolymph there was an initial slight alkalosis, and an increase in Ca, OO2 lactic acid. All variables returned to their settled submerged levels within 8 h.

Short- and long-term sedimentation on Montportail–Brouage intertidal mudflat, Marennes–Oléron Bay (France)

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1513-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gouleau ◽  
J.M Jouanneau ◽  
O Weber ◽  
P.G Sauriau
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Mudflat ◽  
Short And Long Term

Short and long-term strategies to facilitate aerial exposure in a galaxiid

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Magellan ◽  
S. Pinchuck ◽  
E. R. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Ca2+/Calmodulin-NOS/NO-TNFs Pathway Hallmarks the Inflammation Response of Oyster During Aerial Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Lusheng Xin ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Downstream Effector ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mollusk Species

Aerial exposure (emersion) due to the periodical ebb and flow of tides is a major stressor for intertidal organisms and a key environmental factor in shaping their local communities. Oysters are among the most emersion-tolerant mollusk species and can survive for several days under aerial exposure. Noticeably, overwhelming inflammation responses could occur during the emersion stress. However, mechanisms beneath the activation and modulation of emersion-induced inflammation response have remained largely unknown. Ca2+ is an important intracellular second messenger that plays indispensable roles in inflammation response by cooperation with calmodulin (CaM) genes. Here, we showed that intracellular Ca2+ accumulates rapidly in oyster hemocytes during emersion stress along with the changes in the protein levels of three CaM genes, which function as intracellular sensors of Ca2+. As downstream effector of Ca2+/CaM complex, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in hemocytes was enhanced during the emersion stress, facilitating a greater production of nitrite oxide (NO). Augmentation of NO concentration was associated with the increased mRNA expression levels of two oyster cytokines (CgTNFs) during aerial exposure. The robust accumulation of cytokines and severe injury of tissues in oysters have been regarded as potential cause and marker of their death in prolonged emersion stress. Here, both the expression levels of CgTNFs and the tissue injuries of oysters were attenuated when Ca2+/CaM complex or NOS activity were repressed in vivo during the emersion stress. These findings indicate that Ca2+/CaM-NOS/NO-CgTNFs pathway is critically involved in the emersion-induced inflammation response in oysters and plays a role in the resistance against long-term aerial exposure.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Haemocyanin Oxygen Affinity during Emersion of the Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes: II. An Investigation of in Vivo changes in Oxygen Affinity

1986 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MORRIS ◽  
R. TYLER-JONES ◽  
C. R. BRIDGES ◽  
E. W. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Austropotamobius Pallipes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Vitro Data ◽  
In Vitro Data

The oxygen-transporting properties of the haemolymph from the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes were investigated. The haemolymph concentrations of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, together with the concentration of L-lactate were measured in crayfish before, during and after 24 h emersion. The concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ increased during aerial exposure and returned to pre-emersion levels during immersed recovery. Large increases in the level of circulating L-lactate and Ca2+ were correlated with short- and long-term aerial exposure respectively. Changes in the concentrations of these ions could also be correlated with changes in haemocyanin oxygen affinity. Reimmersion and recovery returned all parameters to near control values. The effect, on haemocyanin oxygen affinity, of the Bohr shift alone was calculated and compared with the change in oxygen affinity (ΔP50) actually determined during aerial exposure. These data were also compared with predictions, calculated from in vitro data, for the potentiation of haemocyanin oxygen affinity by Ca2+ and L-lactate ions in aerially exposed crayfish. The physiological significance of the regulation of haemocyanin oxygen affinity by these ions is discussed.

Managed realignment as compensation for the loss of intertidal mudflat: A short term solution to a long term problem?

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krysia Mazik ◽  
Will Musk ◽  
Oliver Dawes ◽  
Katya Solyanko ◽  
Sue Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Mudflat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Managed Realignment

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

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