scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Dynamic Rupture Simulations on Partially-Creeping Strike-Slip Faults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian C. Lozos ◽  
David Douglas Oglesby ◽  
Gareth Funning
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Dynamic Rupture

scholarly journals Anatomy of strike-slip fault tsunami genesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (19) ◽  
pp. e2025632118
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbanna ◽  
Mohamed Abdelmeguid ◽  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Faisal Amlani ◽  
Harsha S. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Rupture Dynamics ◽  
Earthquake Rupture Dynamics ◽  
Tsunami Model

Tsunami generation from earthquake-induced seafloor deformations has long been recognized as a major hazard to coastal areas. Strike-slip faulting has generally been considered insufficient for triggering large tsunamis, except through the generation of submarine landslides. Herein, we demonstrate that ground motions due to strike-slip earthquakes can contribute to the generation of large tsunamis (>1 m), under rather generic conditions. To this end, we developed a computational framework that integrates models for earthquake rupture dynamics with models of tsunami generation and propagation. The three-dimensional time-dependent vertical and horizontal ground motions from spontaneous dynamic rupture models are used to drive boundary motions in the tsunami model. Our results suggest that supershear ruptures propagating along strike-slip faults, traversing narrow and shallow bays, are prime candidates for tsunami generation. We show that dynamic focusing and the large horizontal displacements, characteristic of strike-slip earthquakes on long faults, are critical drivers for the tsunami hazard. These findings point to intrinsic mechanisms for sizable tsunami generation by strike-slip faulting, which do not require complex seismic sources, landslides, or complicated bathymetry. Furthermore, our model identifies three distinct phases in the tsunamic motion, an instantaneous dynamic phase, a lagging coseismic phase, and a postseismic phase, each of which may affect coastal areas differently. We conclude that near-source tsunami hazards and risk from strike-slip faulting need to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional approach to understanding the relationship between the Plio-Quaternary stress field and tectonic inversion in the Triassic Cuyo Basin, Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-494
Author(s):  
L. Giambiagi ◽  
S. Spagnotto ◽  
S. M. Moreiras ◽  
G. Gómez ◽  
E. Stahlschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Tectonic Inversion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The Cacheuta sub-basin of the Triassic Cuyo Basin is an example of rift basin inversion contemporaneous to the advance of the Andean thrust front, during the Plio-Quaternary. This basin is one of the most important sedimentary basins in a much larger Triassic NNW-trending depositional system along the southwestern margin of the Pangea supercontinent. The amount and structural style of inversion is provided in this paper by three-dimensional insights into the relationship between inversion of rift-related structures and spatial variations in late Cenozoic stress fields. The Plio-Quaternary stress field exhibits important N–S variations in the foreland area of the Southern Central Andes, between 33 and 34° S, with a southward gradually change from pure compression with σ1 and σ2 being horizontal, to a strike-slip type stress field with σ2 being vertical. We present a 3-D approach for studying the tectonic inversion of the sub-basin master fault associated with strike-slip/reverse to strike-slip faulting stress regimes. We suggest that the inversion of Triassic extensional structures, striking NNW to WNW, occurred during the Plio–Pleistocene in those areas with strike-slip/reverse to strike-slip faulting stress regime, while in the reverse faulting stress regime domain, they remain fossilized. Our example demonstrates the impact of the stress regime on the reactivation pattern along the faults.

scholarly journals A physics-based approach of deep interseismic creep for viscoelastic strike-slip earthquake cycle models

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Lucile Bruhat
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Region I ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Analytical Expressions

SUMMARY Most geodetic inversions of surface deformation rates consider the depth distribution of interseismic fault slip-rate to be time invariant. However, some numerical simulations show downdip penetration of dynamic rupture into regions with velocity-strengthening friction, with subsequent updip propagation of the locked-to-creeping transition. Recently, Bruhat and Segall developed a new method to characterize interseismic slip rates, that allows slip to penetrate up dip into the locked region. This simple model considered deep interseismic slip as a crack loaded at its downdip end, and provided analytical expressions for stress drop within the crack, slip and slip rate along the fault. This study extends this approach to strike-slip fault environments, and includes coupling of creep to viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle. I use this model to investigate interseismic deformation rates along the Carrizo Plain section of the San Andreas fault. This study reviews possible models, elastic and viscoelastic, for fitting horizontal surface rates. Using this updated approach, I develop a physics-based solution for deep interseismic creep which accounts for possible slow vertical propagation, and investigate how it improves the fit of the horizontal deformation rates in the Carrizo Plain region. I found solutions for fitting the surface deformation rates that allow for reasonable estimates for earthquake rupture depth and coseismic displacement and improves the overall fit to the data. Best-fitting solutions present half-space relaxation time around 70 yr, and very low propagation speeds, less than a metre per year, suggesting a lack of creep propagation.

Integrating strike-slip tectonism with three-dimensional basin and petroleum system analysis of the Salinas Basin, California

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1472
Author(s):  
Tess Menotti ◽  
Allegra Hosford Scheirer ◽  
Kristian Meisling ◽  
Stephan A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Petroleum System

Structure Evolution of Qinjiatun-Qindong Fault System in Lishu Subbasin

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Shao Dong Qu ◽  
Chi Yang Liu ◽  
Li Jun Song ◽  
Hui Deng ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Active Stage ◽  
Regional Stress

Three-dimensional(3-D) seismic data and structure analysis of the Lishu subasin in Songliao basin indicates that Qinjiatun fault zone is composed of two faults: East-Qin and West-Qin fault. This fault system initially formed at Huoshiling stage, peaked at Shahezi stage and faded dramatically from Yingcheng stage. The Qinjiatun fault was important in controlling strata thickness and distribution of the Huoshiling formation. Qindong fault, a typical strike-slip fault, developed relatively later, cutting the Qinjiatun fault, The major active stage was in Denglouku-Quantou stage, and weakened in the end of late Cretaceous. Qinjiatun fault zone was reversed at Denglouku stage when the regional stress went compressive, generating a structure nose that was potentially beneficial for hydrocarbon to accumulate. The strike-slip Qindong fault became active relatively later, cutting through the previous strata and proving pathways for both accumulation and effusion of hydrocarbon.

Curved slickenlines preserve direction of rupture propagation

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 838-842
Author(s):  
Jesse Kearse ◽  
Yoshihiro Kaneko ◽  
Tim Little ◽  
Russ Van Dissen
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Rupture Propagation ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Slip Direction ◽  
Rupture Dynamics ◽  
Earthquake Rupture Dynamics ◽  
Kaikoura Earthquake ◽  
Rupture Direction ◽  
Dextral Strike Slip

Abstract Slip-parallel grooves (striations) on fault surfaces are considered a robust indicator of fault slip direction, yet their potential for recording aspects of earthquake rupture dynamics has received little attention. During the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake (South Island, New Zealand), >10 m of dextral strike-slip on the steeply dipping Kekerengu fault exhumed >200 m2 of fresh fault exposure (free faces) where it crossed bedrock canyons. Inscribed upon these surfaces, we observed individual striae up to 6 m long, all of which had formed during the earthquake. These were typically curved. Using simulations of spontaneous dynamic rupture on a vertical strike-slip fault, we reproduce the curved morphology of striae on the Kekerengu fault. Assuming strike-slip pre-stress, our models demonstrate that vertical tractions induced by slip in the so-called cohesive zone result in transient changes in slip direction. We show that slip-path convexity is sensitive to the direction of rupture propagation. To match the convexity of striae formed in 2016 requires the rupture to have propagated in a northeast direction, a prediction that matches the known rupture direction of the Kaikōura earthquake. Our study highlights the potential for fault striae to record aspects of rupture dynamics, including the rupture direction of paleo strike-slip earthquakes.

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