Shared functional connections within and between cortical networks predict cognitive abilities in adult males and females

AbstractA thorough understanding of sex-independent and sex-specific neurobiological features that underlie cognitive abilities in healthy individuals is essential for the study of neurological illnesses in which males and females differentially experience and exhibit cognitive impairment. Here, we evaluate sex-independent and sex-specific relationships between functional connectivity and individual cognitive abilities in 392 healthy young adults (196 males) from the Human Connectome Project. First, we establish that sex-independent models comparably predict crystallised abilities in males and females, but more accurately predict fluid abilities in males. Second, we demonstrate sex-specific models comparably predict crystallised abilities within and between sexes, and generally fail to predict fluid abilities in either sex. Third, we reveal that largely overlapping connections between visual, dorsal attention, ventral attention, and default mode networks are associated with better performance on crystallised and fluid cognitive tests in males and females, while connections within visual, somatomotor, and default mode networks are associated with poorer performance. Together, our findings suggest that shared neurobiological features of the functional connectome underlie crystallised and fluid abilities across the sexes.

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Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2019-0031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 325-334

Author(s):

V. N. Peskov ◽

N. A. Petrenko ◽

V. Yu. Reminnyi

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

The Body ◽

Adult Males ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Mean Values ◽

Marsh Frog ◽

Males And Females ◽

Size At Age ◽

Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

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A Study on Family Strength of Adult Males and Females

Journal of Next-generation Convergence Information Services Technology ◽

10.29056/jncist.2017.12.05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 51-65

Author(s):

Hyungwon Park

Keyword(s):

Adult Males ◽

Family Strength ◽

Males And Females

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Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 313-313

Author(s):

Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽

Sandra Shi ◽

Ellen McCarthy ◽

Dae Kim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Older Adult ◽

Sexual Functioning ◽

Social Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Adult Males ◽

Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

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Changes in muscle activation, oxygenation, and morphology following a fatiguing repetitive forward reaching task in young adult males and females

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology ◽

10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102564 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102564

Author(s):

SangHoon Yoon ◽

Christopher A. Bailey ◽

Noah R. Cohen ◽

Julie N. Côté

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Adult Males ◽

Reaching Task ◽

Young Adult Males ◽

Males And Females

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Multispecies Transcriptomics Data Set of Brugia malayi, Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont wBm, and Aedes aegypti across the B. malayi Life Cycle

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01306-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Matthew Chung ◽

Laura Teigen ◽

Silvia Libro ◽

Robin E. Bromley ◽

Nikhil Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Brugia Malayi ◽

Adult Males ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Transcriptomics Data ◽

Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽

Males And Females ◽

Stage 1

Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomics data set of Brugia malayi, its Wolbachia endosymbiont wBm, and its vector host. This study samples from 16 stages across the entire B. malayi life cycle, including stage 1 through 4 larvae, adult males and females, embryos, immature microfilariae, and mature microfilariae.

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Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr02043 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 281 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

David S. Dique ◽

Jim Thompson ◽

Harriet J. Preece ◽

Deidré L. de Villiers ◽

Frank N. Carrick

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Adult Males ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Young Males ◽

Straight Line ◽

The Social ◽

Straight Line Distance ◽

Males And Females ◽

Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

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Morphometrics and molecular analysis ofOzolaimus linstowin. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the green lizardIguana iguana

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x15000061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 186-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.V. Malysheva

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Buccal Capsule ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Present Species ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Adult Males ◽

Spicule Length ◽

Males And Females ◽

Characteristic Features

AbstractOzolaimus linstowin. sp. is described from the large intestine ofIguana iguanaLinnaeus, 1758 from Mexico. The present species can be easily distinguished fromO. megatyphlonandO. cirratusby the presence of a long and slender pharynx not divided into sections, more similar to the remaining two species,O. monhysteraandO. ctenosauri. Ozolaimus linstowin. sp. can be differentiated fromO. monhysteraby the shorter spicule length and smaller body size of both males and females. Males ofO. linstowin. sp. are morphologically close to those ofO. ctenosauri, but females possess a markedly smaller body size and differ in the organization of the oral cuticular armature. Adult males ofO. linstowin. sp. bear some characteristic features of the J3 juvenile morphology in terms of the cuticular organization of the oral and buccal capsule. Phylogenetic analysis ofO.linstowin. sp. using partial small subunit (SSU) and D2–D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA shows relationships with several Oxyuridae genera.

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