Basement membrane type IV collagen in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The transformation of the normal epithelial cell into a tumor cell bestows upon them certain features at the cellular and molecular level which aids in its survival and proliferation. Invasion of the altered tumor cells through the basement membrane into the connective tissue stroma and their subsequent spread and metastasis is an important prognostic indicator. Laminin-5 is a protein associated with a migratory phenotype in epithelial neoplastic cells. Along with laminin, the stromal myofibroblasts play a significant role in tumor invasion, due to its ability to modify the extracellular matrix. Aim: To evaluate the role of laminin 5 and stromal myofibroblasts in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Paraffin-embedded archival samples of 25 normal, 30 oral epithelial dysplasia and 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were evaluated for laminin-5 and α- smooth muscle actin (SMA) using standard immunohistochemistry. Semi-quantitative assessment of the expression of laminin and alpha SMA was done in all the study samples. The area of staining and the staining intensity was evaluated in order to determine the staining index which were then statistically analyzed between the three groups. Results: All the cases of laminin showed cytoplasmic staining in the basal cell layer and basement membrane. Expression of laminin was observed in the basal cell layer of normal and epithelial dysplasia study group and mainly around the tumor islands in OSCC group. α- SMA was seen with increasing intensity with increasing grade of the disease. Comparison of laminin expression between the three groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the staining index from normal to epithelial dysplasia to OSCC (p < 0.01). Statistical comparison of α-SMA in between the three groups using Kruskal- Wallis test showed a significant increase in the expression of α-SMA from normal to epithelial dysplasia to OSCC (p < 0.01) Conclusion: Decreased laminin expression in the basement membrane and increased expression of α-SMA favors tumor invasion, establishment of an invasive phenotype of neoplastic cells and a permissive environment for tumor invasion. Key words: Epithelial dysplasia, Oral cancer, Laminin, Alpha- Smooth muscle actin, Immunohistochemistry, Myofibroblasts

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Correlation of p53 Immunoexpression with Depth of Tumor in Microinvasive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i37b32026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 98-103

Author(s):

Archana Sonone ◽

Swati Patil ◽

Alka Hande ◽

Madhuri Gawande

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Depth Of Invasion ◽

Histological Grading ◽

Neoplastic Cells

Introduction: “Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)” is a major health issue in India, the incidence of OSCC is 3-7 times more in developing countries than developed countries. OSCC is the ‘3rd most common cancer’ in India followed by “cervical and breast cancer”. One side of OSCC that has not much explore is the ‘microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma’ which is an early stage neoplasm without infiltration in the deeper tissues. There is no particular definition of “microinvasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (MIOSCC)” There are no specific guideline are present to categories the “microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (MIOSCC)”. Most of the time the infiltrating neoplastic cells are masked under the background of the inflammatory cell infiltrate present connective tissue stroma. So this study is humble attempt to recognized and measured depth of invasion of infiltrative neoplastic cells to categories MIOSCC and to find better management protocol for it Aim: This study aims to: Measure p53 immunoexpression in “microinvasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, evaluate the depth of invasion in MIOSCC in H & E stained section, and correlate the p53 immunoexpression with the depth of tumor in it. Methodology: The 25 cases of “microinvasive oral squamous cell carcinoma” will be selected and 10 cases of “normal oral mucosa (NOM)” will be obtained from “gingiva and vestibular mucosa” as controls after extraction of impacted teeth. “The depth of tumor” will be measured from the “basement membrane or in areas of basement membrane loss, from an imaginary line reconstructing the basement membrane from the adjacent epithelium to the deepest point of invasion in connective tissue” by Leica DMLB2 research microscope with Leica Q-win standard software (Switzerland). Results: The results show that the depth of invasion in MIOSCC, will be categorized the lesion and give the better guidelines for histological grading and treatment protocol for MIOSCC Conclusion: There are no definite guidelines for histological grading and final treatment protocol for MIOSCC. The assessments of depth of tumor through p53 immunoexpression may be one of the criteria for grading in MIOSCC. Thus the correlation of p53 immunoexpression with the depth of tumor in MIOSCC helps to determine the treatment modalities of MIOSCC.

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