scholarly journals Comparison of liver progenitor cells in human atypical ductular reactions with those seen in experimental models of liver injury

Hepatology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Sell
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Experimental Models

scholarly journals Liver Progenitors and Adult Cell Plasticity in Hepatic Injury and Repair: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjin Ko ◽  
Jacquelyn O. Russell ◽  
Laura M. Molina ◽  
Satdarshan P. Monga
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Biliary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
End Stage

The liver is a complex organ performing numerous vital physiological functions. For that reason, it possesses immense regenerative potential. The capacity for repair is largely attributable to the ability of its differentiated epithelial cells, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, to proliferate after injury. However, in cases of extreme acute injury or prolonged chronic insult, the liver may fail to regenerate or do so suboptimally. This often results in life-threatening end-stage liver disease for which liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. In many forms of liver injury, bipotent liver progenitor cells are theorized to be activated as an additional tier of liver repair. However, the existence, origin, fate, activation, and contribution to regeneration of liver progenitor cells is hotly debated, especially since hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells themselves may serve as facultative stem cells for one another during severe liver injury. Here, we discuss the evidence both supporting and refuting the existence of liver progenitor cells in a variety of experimental models. We also debate the validity of developing therapies harnessing the capabilities of these cells as potential treatments for patients with severe and chronic liver diseases.

scholarly journals Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Immunogenetics and Experimental Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4557
Author(s):  
Alessio Gerussi ◽  
Ambra Natalini ◽  
Fabrizio Antonangeli ◽  
Clara Mancuso ◽  
Elisa Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenging clinical event in medicine, particularly because of its ability to present with a variety of phenotypes including that of autoimmune hepatitis or other immune mediated liver injuries. Limited diagnostic and therapeutic tools are available, mostly because its pathogenesis has remained poorly understood for decades. The recent scientific and technological advancements in genomics and immunology are paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of DILI. This review provides an updated overview of the genetic predisposition and immunological mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of DILI and presents the state-of-the-art experimental models to study DILI at the pre-clinical level.

scholarly journals Cerium oxide nanoparticles improve liver regeneration after acetaminophen-induced liver injury and partial hepatectomy in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernat Córdoba-Jover ◽  
Altamira Arce-Cerezo ◽  
Jordi Ribera ◽  
Montse Pauta ◽  
Denise Oró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

Abstract Background and aims Cerium oxide nanoparticles are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species and have been proposed as a treatment for oxidative stress-related diseases. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the effect of these nanoparticles on hepatic regeneration after liver injury by partial hepatectomy and acetaminophen overdose. Methods All the in vitro experiments were performed in HepG2 cells. For the acetaminophen and partial hepatectomy experimental models, male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) nanoparticles group, which received 0.1 mg/kg cerium nanoparticles i.v. twice a week for 2 weeks before 1 g/kg acetaminophen treatment, (2) N-acetyl-cysteine group, which received 300 mg/kg of N-acetyl-cysteine i.p. 1 h after APAP treatment and (3) partial hepatectomy group, which received the same nanoparticles treatment before partial hepatectomy. Each group was matched with vehicle-controlled rats. Results In the partial hepatectomy model, rats treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles showed a significant increase in liver regeneration, compared with control rats. In the acetaminophen experimental model, nanoparticles and N-acetyl-cysteine treatments decreased early liver damage in hepatic tissue. However, only the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles was associated with a significant increment in hepatocellular proliferation. This treatment also reduced stress markers and increased cell cycle progression in hepatocytes and the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the nanomaterial cerium oxide, besides their known antioxidant capacities, can enhance hepatocellular proliferation in experimental models of liver regeneration and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Liver progenitor cells regulate ductular reaction and induce fibrosis upon severe liver injury via RAGE signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WLM Lam ◽  
G Gabernet ◽  
T Poth ◽  
A De Ponti ◽  
A Damle-Vartak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Ductular Reaction

scholarly journals Clonal Heterogeneity in the Neuronal and Glial Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser I. Young ◽  
Vsevolod Telezhkin ◽  
Sarah J. Youde ◽  
Martin S. Langley ◽  
Maria Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Clonal Cultures ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
A Cell

Cellular heterogeneity presents an important challenge to the development of cell-based therapies where there is a fundamental requirement for predictable and reproducible outcomes. Transplanted Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells (DPSCs) have demonstrated early promise in experimental models of spinal cord injury and stroke, despite limited evidence of neuronal and glial-like differentiation after transplantation. Here, we report, for the first time, on the ability of single cell-derived clonal cultures of murine DPSCs to differentiatein vitrointo immature neuronal-like and oligodendrocyte-like cells. Importantly, only DPSC clones with high nestin mRNA expression levels were found to successfully differentiate into Map2 and NF-positive neuronal-like cells. Neuronally differentiated DPSCs possessed a membrane capacitance comparable with primary cultured striatal neurons and small inward voltage-activated K+but not outward Na+currents were recorded suggesting a functionally immature phenotype. Similarly, only high nestin-expressing clones demonstrated the ability to adopt Olig1, Olig2, and MBP-positive immature oligodendrocyte-like phenotype. Together, these results demonstrate that appropriate markers may be used to provide an early indication of the suitability of a cell population for purposes where differentiation into a specific lineage may be beneficial and highlight that further understanding of heterogeneity within mixed cellular populations is required.

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