A functional hypothesis for adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Avoidance of catastrophic interference in the dentate gyrus

Hippocampus ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurenz Wiskott ◽  
Malte J. Rasch ◽  
Gerd Kempermann
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Catastrophic Interference ◽  
Functional Hypothesis

scholarly journals Metabolic tuning of inhibition regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (41) ◽  
pp. 25818-25829
Author(s):  
Xinxing Wang ◽  
Hanxiao Liu ◽  
Johannes Morstein ◽  
Alexander J. E. Novak ◽  
Dirk Trauner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Inhibitory Neuron ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hippocampus-engaged behaviors stimulate neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus by largely unknown means. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used tetrode recording to analyze neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus of freely moving adult mice during hippocampus-engaged contextual exploration. We found that exploration induced an overall sustained increase in inhibitory neuron activity that was concomitant with decreased excitatory neuron activity. A mathematical model based on energy homeostasis in the dentate gyrus showed that enhanced inhibition and decreased excitation resulted in a similar increase in neurogenesis to that observed experimentally. To mechanistically investigate this sustained inhibitory regulation, we performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of the hippocampus during exploration. We found sustainably increased signaling of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a bioactive metabolite, during exploration. Furthermore, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling through its receptor 2 increased interneuron activity and thus mediated exploration-induced neurogenesis. Taken together, our findings point to a behavior-metabolism circuit pathway through which experience regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

scholarly journals Reactive, Adult Neurogenesis From Increased Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Following Alcohol Dependence in Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie N. Nawarawong ◽  
K. Ryan Thompson ◽  
Steven P. Guerin ◽  
Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Immature Neurons

Hippocampal neurodegeneration is a consequence of excessive alcohol drinking in alcohol use disorders (AUDs), however, recent studies suggest that females may be more susceptible to alcohol-induced brain damage. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is now well accepted to contribute to hippocampal integrity and is known to be affected by alcohol in humans as well as in animal models of AUDs. In male rats, a reactive increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been observed during abstinence from alcohol dependence, a phenomenon that may underlie recovery of hippocampal structure and function. It is unknown whether reactive neurogenesis occurs in females. Therefore, adult female rats were exposed to a 4-day binge model of alcohol dependence followed by 7 or 14 days of abstinence. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation (BrdU and Ki67), the percentage of increased NPC activation (Sox2+/Ki67+), the number of immature neurons (NeuroD1), and ectopic dentate gyrus granule cells (Prox1). On day seven of abstinence, ethanol-treated females showed a significant increase in BrdU+ and Ki67+ cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (SGZ), as well as greater activation of NPCs (Sox2+/Ki67+) into active cycling. At day 14 of abstinence, there was a significant increase in the number of immature neurons (NeuroD1+) though no evidence of ectopic neurogenesis according to either NeuroD1 or Prox1 immunoreactivity. Altogether, these data suggest that alcohol dependence produces similar reactive increases in NPC proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Thus, reactive, adult neurogenesis may be a means of recovery for the hippocampus after alcohol dependence in females.

scholarly journals Kruppel-Like Factor 9 Is Necessary for Late-Phase Neuronal Maturation in the Developing Dentate Gyrus and during Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (31) ◽  
pp. 9875-9887 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Scobie ◽  
B. J. Hall ◽  
S. A. Wilke ◽  
K. C. Klemenhagen ◽  
Y. Fujii-Kuriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Neuronal Maturation

Chronic stress targets adult hippocampal neurogenesis preferentially in the suprapyramidal blade of rat dorsal dentate gyrus

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S1013-S1014
Author(s):  
N.D. Alves ◽  
P. Patrício ◽  
J.S. Correia ◽  
A. Mateus-Pinheiro ◽  
A.R. Machado-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Cell Wall-Induced Meningitis Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 4289-4297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Hoffmann ◽  
Cordula Mahrhofer ◽  
Nina Rueter ◽  
Dorette Freyer ◽  
Bettina Bert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Bacterial meningitis is a major infectious cause of neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Neurogenesis, a continuous process in the adult hippocampus, could ameliorate such loss. Yet the high rate of sequelae from meningitis suggests that this repair mechanism is inefficient. Here we used a mouse model of nonreplicative bacterial meningitis to determine the impact of transient intracranial inflammation on adult neurogenesis. Experimental meningitis resulted in a net loss of neurons, diminished volume, and impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus for weeks following recovery from the insult. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity was prominent in microglia in nonproliferating areas of the dentate gyrus and hilus region after meningitis induction. Treatment with the specific iNOS inhibitor N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine restored neurogenesis in experimental meningitis. These data suggest that local central nervous system inflammation in and of itself suppresses adult neurogenesis by affecting both proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Repair of cognitive dysfunction following meningitis could be improved by intervention to interrupt these actively suppressive effects.

scholarly journals Vangl2, a core component of the WNT/PCP pathway, regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and age-related decline in cognitive flexibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Koehl ◽  
E Ladevèze ◽  
M Montcouquiol ◽  
DN Abrous
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Dominant Negative Mutation ◽  
Age Related

AbstractDecline in episodic memory is one of the hallmarks of aging and represents one of the most important health problems facing western societies. A key structure in episodic memory is the hippocampal formation and the dentate gyrus in particular, as the continuous production of new dentate granule neurons in this brain region was found to play a crucial role in memory and in age-related decline in memory. As such, understanding the molecular processes that regulate the relationship between adult neurogenesis and aging of memory function holds great therapeutic potential. Recently, we found that Vang-gogh like 2 (Vangl2), a core component of the planar cell polarity signaling pathway, is enriched in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. In this context, we sought to evaluate the involvement of this effector of the Wnt/PCP pathway in both adult neurogenesis and memory abilities in adult and middle-aged mice. Using a heterozygous mouse model carrying a dominant negative mutation in Vangl2 gene, we show that alteration in Vangl2 expression decreases the survival of adult-born granule cells and advances the onset of decrease in cognitive flexibility. Inability of mutant mice to erase old irrelevant information to the benefit of new relevant ones highlights a key role of Vangl2 in interference-based forgetting. Taken together, our findings show for the first that Vangl2 activity may constitute an interesting target to prevent age-related decline in hippocampal plasticity and memory.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Compound K Induces Adult Hippocampal Proliferation and Survival of Newly Generated Cells in Young and Elderly Mice

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Mi Oh ◽  
Jae Hoon Jeong ◽  
Sun Young Park ◽  
Sungkun Chun
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Mature Neuron ◽  
Number Of Cells

Cognitive impairment can be associated with reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and it may contribute to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD). Compound K (CK) is produced from the protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc by intestinal microbial conversion. Although CK has been reported as an inducing effector for neuroprotection and improved cognition in hippocampus, its effect on adult neurogenesis has not been explored yet. Here, we investigated the effect of CK on hippocampal neurogenesis in both young (2 months) and elderly (24 months) mice. CK treatment increased the number of cells co-labeled with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); also, Ki67, specific markers for progenitor cells, was more expressed, thus enhancing the generation of new cells and progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of both young and elderly mice. Moreover, CK treatment increased the number of cells co-labeled with EdU and NeuN, a specific marker for mature neuron in the dentate gyrus, suggesting that newly generated cells survived and differentiated into mature neurons at both ages. These findings demonstrate that CK increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may be beneficial against neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.

696. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promotes Stress Resilience by Inhibiting Ventral Dentate Gyrus Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Anacker ◽  
Victor Luna ◽  
Amira Millette ◽  
Rene Hen
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Stress Resilience

scholarly journals Capicua regulates the development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna Hourigan ◽  
Spencer D. Balay ◽  
Graydon Yee ◽  
Saloni Sharma ◽  
Qiumin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Cell Pool ◽  
Adult Born Neurons

AbstractNew neurons continuously arise from neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus to support ongoing learning and memory formation. To generate functional adult-born neurons, neural progenitor cells proliferate to expand the precursor cell pool and differentiate into neurons. Newly generated cells then undergo postmitotic maturation to migrate to their final destination and develop elaborate dendritic branching, which allows them to receive input signals. Little is known about factors that regulate neuronal differentiation, migration, and dendrite maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor protein capicua (CIC) exhibits dynamic expression in the adult dentate gyrus. Conditional deletion of Cic from the mouse dentate gyrus compromises the adult neural progenitor cell pool without altering their proliferative potential. We further demonstrate that the loss of Cic impedes neuronal lineage development and disrupts dendritic arborization and migration of adult-born neurons. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of CIC in neurogenesis of the adult dentate gyrus.

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