Homeostatic control of redox status and health

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticales (NP-ZnO) as a substitute for the conventional ZnO affects the intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys. The replacement of ZnO with NP-ZnO had no effect on the intestinal digestibility of Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca, whereas the lowest dose of supplemental Zn reduced Zn digestibility. The applied inclusion levels and sources of Zn had no effect on the growth performance (except the feed intake) of turkeys, including liveability. No differences in the relative weights of the heart, spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except the liver), or the weights of the femur and tibia were found between the dietary treatments. Neither the dose nor the source of supplemental Zn influenced carcass dressing percentage or the share of breast, thigh and drumstick muscles in the carcass. In comparison with the highest and moderate doses of Zn, the lowest inclusion level of Zn contributed to increased yellowness of breast meat (P=0.005). The analyzed doses and sources of supplemental Zn exerted varied effects on the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat. In conclusion, the growth performance of turkeys, carcass yield and composition as well as the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat were generally similar, regardless of the dietary source and level of Zn. The beneficial effect of Zn addition at 100 mg/kg was improved Zn and Ca digestibility, and increased redness of breast meat.

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Effect of carvedilol on the redox-status of plasma low-molecular-weight aminothyols in rats with acute cerebral ischemia

ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia» ◽

10.25557/0031-2991.2018.03.12-18 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

К.А. Никифорова ◽

В.В. Александрин ◽

П.О. Булгакова ◽

А.В. Иванов ◽

Э.Д. Вирюс ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Redox Status ◽

Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Adrenergic Antagonist ◽

Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Common Carotid Arteries ◽

Reduced Forms

Цель. Установить влияние неспецифического адреноблокатора карведилола на редокс-статус низкомолекулярных аминотиолов (цистеин, гомоцистеин, глутатион) в плазме крови при моделировании глобальной ишемии головного мозга у крыс. Методика. Нами была использована модель глобальной ишемии (пережатие общих сонных артерий с геморрагией длительностью 15 мин). Препарат вводили за 1 ч до операции. Уровни аминотиолов измеряли через 40 мин после начала реперфузии. Анализ уровня аминотиолов проводили методом жидкостной хроматографии. Результаты. Установлено, что у крыс, не подвергавшихся ишемии, карведилол в дозе 10 мг/кг вызывает рост редокс-статуса цистеина и глутатиона (в 3 и 3,5 раза соответственно по сравнению с контролем, p = 0,04 и p = 0,008) за счет увеличения их восстановленных форм. При ишемии данного эффекта не наблюдалось. Редокс-статус у крыс с ишемией на фоне карведилола (Цис = 0,85 ± 0,14%, Глн = 1,8 ± 0,7%, Гцис = 1,1 ± 0,8%) оставался таким же низким, как и у крыс с ишемией без введения карведилола (р > 0,8). Заключение. Полученный результат демонстрирует, что в условиях ишемии головного мозга карведилол не оказывает эффекта на гомеостаз аминотиолов плазмы крови, несмотря на выраженный антиоксидантный эффект в нормальных условиях. Aim. Effect of a nonspecific adrenergic antagonist carvedilol on the redox status of plasma low-molecular-weight aminothiols (cysteine, homocysteine, glutathione) was studied in rats with global cerebral ischemia (occlusion of common carotid arteries with hemorrhage). Methods. A model of global ischemia (occlusion of common carotid arteries with 15-min hemorrhage) was used. The drugs were administered one hour before the operation. Aminothiol levels were measured by HPLC with UV detection at 40 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. Results. Carvedilol 10 mg/kg increased the redox status of cysteine and glutathione in rats not exposed to ischemia (3 and 3.5 times, respectively, compared with the control, p = 0.04 and p = 0.008, respectively) but not of homocysteine, by increasing their reduced forms. However, this effect was not observed in ischemia. In rats with ischemia treated with carvedilol, the redox status (Cys = 0.85 ± 0.14%, GSH = 1.8 ± 0.7%, Hcys = 1.1 ± 0.8%) remained low similar to that in rats with ischemia not treated with carvedilol (p >0.8, 0.8, and 0.9, respectively). Conclusion. Carvedilol did not affect the homeostasis of blood plasma thiols in cerebral ischemia despite the pronounced antioxidant effect under the normal conditions.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with acute ischemiс stroke is associated with a decrease in plasma glutathione levels

Russian neurological Journal ◽

10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-5-29-35 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

M. Yu. Maksimova ◽

A. V. Ivanov ◽

K. A. Nikiforova ◽

F. R. Ochtova ◽

E. T. Suanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Redox Status ◽

Reduced Form ◽

Glutathione Level ◽

Total Glutathione ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽

Reduced Forms

Ischemic stroke (IS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus are factors that aﬀect the homeostasis of low-molecularweight aminothiols (cysteine, homocysteine, glutathione etc.). It has already been shown that IS in the acute period led to a decrease a level of reduced forms of aminothiols, but it is not clear whether type 2 diabetes mellitus has a noticeable eﬀect there. Objective: to reveal the features of homeostasis of aminothiols in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute IS. Material and methods. The study involved 76 patients with primary middle cerebral artery IS in the first 10–24 hours after development of neurological symptoms. Group 1 included 15 patients with IS and type 2 diabetes mellitus, group 2 — 61 patients with IS and stress hyperglycemia. Their total plasma levels of cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione, their reduced forms, and redox status were determined at admission (in the first 24 hours after IS). Results. There was a decrease in the level of total glutathione level (1.27 vs. 1.65 μM, p = 0.021), as well as its reduced form (0.03 vs. 0.04 μM, p = 0.007) in patients with IS and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had a low redox status of homocysteine (0.65–1.2%) and glutathione (0.7–2.0%) were also characterized by a decrease in total glutathione level (p = 0.02; p = 0.03). Conclusion. Thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a decrease in the level of total glutathione in acute IS. Probably, type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a particular relationship between the metabolism of homocysteine, glutathione and glucose. Therefore, the search for homocysteine-dependent approaches to correct glutathione metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be of interest as an adjuvant therapy for IS.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The impact of increased oxygen conditions on metal-contaminated sediments part I: effects on redox status, sediment geochemistry and metal bioavailability.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.713998063.789502821 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Robyn Hannigan

Keyword(s):

Redox Status ◽

Contaminated Sediments ◽

Sediment Geochemistry ◽

Metal Bioavailability ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

The Impact

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of [CONFERENCE POSTER]: Miner1, mutated in Wolfram syndrome, is an endoplasmic reticular protein that regulates cellular redox status and Ca2+ homeostasis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717952860.793458345 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

David Marcinek

Keyword(s):

Wolfram Syndrome ◽

Redox Status ◽

Cellular Redox

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Crosstalk between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and peptidoglycan synthesis in Caulobacter crescentus through the homeostatic control of α-ketoglutarate.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.729075299.793537174 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin D Young ◽

Matthew Jorgenson

Keyword(s):

Caulobacter Crescentus ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid ◽

Homeostatic Control ◽

Acid Cycle ◽

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

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Antioxidant Supplementation and Adaptive Response to Training: A Systematic Review

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190701164923 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 1889-1912 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rosario Pastor ◽

Josep A. Tur

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Redox Status ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Antioxidant Supplementation ◽

Antioxidant Supplements

Background: Antioxidant supplementation has become a common practice among athletes to theoretically achieve a reduction in oxidative stress, promote recovery and improve performance. Objective: To assess the effect of antioxidant supplements on exercise. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed up to January 2019 in MEDLINE via EBSCO and Pubmed, and in Web of Sciences based on the following terms: “antioxidants” [Major] AND “exercise” AND “adaptation”; “antioxidant supplement” AND “(exercise or physical activity)” AND “(adaptation or adjustment)” [MesH]. Thirty-six articles were finally included. Results: Exhaustive exercise induces an antioxidant response in neutrophils through an increase in antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant low-level supplementation does not block this adaptive cellular response. Supplementation with antioxidants appears to decrease oxidative damage blocking cell-signaling pathways associated with muscle hypertrophy. However, upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes after resistance training is blocked by exogenous antioxidant supplementation. Supplementation with antioxidants does not affect the performance improvement induced by resistance exercise. The effects of antioxidant supplementation on physical performance and redox status may vary depending on baseline levels. Conclusion: The antioxidant response to exercise has two components: At the time of stress and adaptation through genetic modulation processes in front of persistent pro-oxidant situation. Acute administration of antioxidants immediately before or during an exercise session can have beneficial effects, such as a delay in the onset of fatigue and a reduction in the recovery period. Chronic administration of antioxidant supplements may impair exercise adaptations, and is only beneficial in subjects with low basal levels of antioxidants.

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