Reproductive biology and relative male and female fitness in a trioecious cactus, P achycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Fleming ◽  
Sandrine Maurice ◽  
Stephen L. Buchmann ◽  
Merlin D. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female

Glossary of terms used in developmental and reproductive toxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 713-830
Author(s):  
John H. Duffus ◽  
Michael Schwenk ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical Practitioners

Abstract The primary objective of this glossary is to give clear definitions for those who contribute to studies relevant to these disciplines, or who must interpret them, but are not themselves reproductive physiologists or physicians. This applies especially to chemists who need to understand the literature of reproductive and teratogenic effects of substances without recourse to a multiplicity of other glossaries or dictionaries. The glossary includes terms related to basic and clinical reproductive biology and teratogenesis, insofar as they are necessary for a self-contained document, particularly terms related to diagnosing, measuring, and understanding the effects of substances on the embryo, the fetus, and on the male and female reproductive systems. The glossary consists of about 1200 primary alphabetical entries and includes Annexes of common abbreviations and examples of chemicals with known effects on human reproduction and development. The authors hope that toxicologists, pharmacologists, medical practitioners, risk assessors, and regulatory authorities are among the groups who will find this glossary helpful, in addition to chemists. In particular, the glossary should facilitate the worldwide use of chemical terminology in relation to occupational and environmental risk assessment.

COLLABORATIVE TACTICS FOR NESTSITE SELECTION BY PAIRS OF BLUE FOOTED BOOBIES

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Drummond ◽  
Miriam Calderón-De Anda ◽  
Carmen Perez ◽  
Judy Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Veto Power ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Clutch Initiation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

AbstractThe dual concern model suggests that pairs of animals can use four different behavioural strategies to resolve disputes that arise when making joint decisions. Based on their reproductive biology, we predicted that mated pairs of blue footed boobies would use one of these strategies, collaboration, when deciding on a location for their nest. Many of the behaviour tactics diagnostic of collaboration were observed in boobies. For instance, nestsite selection was accompanied by extensive exchanges of a specialized communication signal (nestpointing), rates of nestpointing at a given site were strongly related to the likelihood that a pair would select that site for their nest, couples in which the male and female 'disagreed' about the merits of an initial site went on to investigate additional sites together ('expanding the pie'), individuals pointed at maximal rates at a site only after their partner had already pointed at that same site ('feeling out procedures'), and both sexes appeared to have 'veto power' over potential nestsites, in the sense that a site was virtually never accepted for the nest if one of the two partners failed to point at that site prior to clutch initiation. These results support the hypothesis that mated pairs of blue footed boobies may use collaborative tactics when selecting a nestsite; descriptive accounts suggest that similar tactics may occur in other birds in which mated pairs jointly decide on the location for their nest.

Aspects of the reproductive biology of Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in northeastern Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Barreto ◽  
Gilda V. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Calling Activity ◽  
Physical Interactions

AbstractObservations were made on the reproductive biology of Physalaemus cuvieri from open area habitat in São Luis, MA, Brazil, from August 1988 to August 1989. The reproductive tactics are compared to those of the same species in southeastern Brazil. Vocalization and reproductive activity were restricted the rainy season (January to June), with peaks of activity during late March and early April. Nocturnal calling activity turn was prolonged, with little variation in the number of individual calling during the night. The presence of communal foam nests suggests non-territorial behaviour in this species. However, males called from the same sites all night long. They showed differentiated vocalizations or antiphony, and aggressive physical interactions, which suggests that there may be some territorial behaviours in males. The remainder of the territorial behaviour is related to persistence of the invading male. Satellite behaviour, females mate choice, and a stereotyped behaviour (e.g. quick circular movement of both male and female) prior to amplexus, were also associated with territoriality.

scholarly journals Fitness Functions Determine Optimal Parental Allocation: Redefining Trivers–Willard Theory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibeom Choi ◽  
Hyungmin Roh ◽  
Sang-im Lee ◽  
Hee-Dae Kwon ◽  
Myungjoo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Investment ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Fitness Functions ◽  
Parental Fitness

According to Trivers-Willard theory1, females in a good condition should carry more male offspring to maximize their fitness while should carry more females in a poor condition. Diverse theoretical and empirical studies has been performed to verify the validity of this claim2,3. Some portion of the empirical observations, however, exhibited contrary outcome to Trivers-Willard theory4. To resolve this problem, we computationally and mathematically show in here that reversed Trivers-Willard theory actually could be the outcome of the parental fitness optimization. In our models with identical fitness functions, we found that selective equitable care is optimal, and the number of the cared offspring should monotonically increase with maternal condition (or expendable parental investment). In some of our models with two distinguished male and female fitness functions, optimizations results were congruent with the conventional Trivers-Willard theory. In other models of ours, contrary to Trivers-Willard theory, it was optimal to invest in males when maternal condition was low. The results along with our hypothesis can explain the empirical observations that were previously thought to be the counterexample of Trivers-Willard theory. We propose that Trivers-Willard theory should be interpreted in multidimensional way, and more elaborate empirical data need to be collected to verify such propositions.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the Mudskipper Apocryptes Bato From the Coast of Chitagong

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sadequer Rahman ◽  
Md Sohel Parvez ◽  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Rashed Un Nabi ◽  
Md Wahidul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Significant Coefficient ◽  
The Right ◽  
T Values ◽  
Relationship Of

Some aspects of reproductive biology of the mudskipper Apocryptes bato (Hamilton 1822) from the coastal waters of Chittagong, Bangladesh was conducted. Disproportionate occurrence of male and female (1.20 : 1) was observed in the number of two sexes. A prolonged spawning season was found from June to early October with a single peak. The aspects in the ovary indicate one complete spawning of females in a single spawning season. The fecundity was found to vary from 7453 - 31195 with an average of 17590 ± 6867. Significant coefficient of correlation between the diameters of the eggs of corresponding anterior, middle and posterior regions of the right and left ovaries indicated the simultaneous release of eggs from both the ovaries. A much closer relationship of fecundity and the significant ‘t’ values indicated fecundity increases with the increase of total length, standard length, body weight and gonad weight. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 91-99, June 2018

scholarly journals Investigating the interaction between inter-locus and intra-locus sexual conflict using hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Tejinder Singh Chechi ◽  
Rakesh Meena ◽  
Shradha Dattaraya Bhosle ◽  
Srishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Divergence in the evolutionary interests of males and females leads to sexual conflict. Traditionally, sexual conflict has been classified into two types: inter-locus sexual conflict (IeSC) and intra-locus sexual conflict (IaSC). IeSC is modeled as a conflict over outcomes of intersexual reproductive interactions mediated by loci that are sex-limited in their effects. IaSC is thought to be a product of selection acting in opposite directions in males and females on traits with a common underlying genetic basis. While in their canonical formalisms IaSC and IeSC are mutually exclusive, there is growing support for the idea that the two may interact. Empirical evidence for such interactions, however, is limited. Here, we investigated the interaction between IeSC and IaSC in Drosophila melanogaster. Using hemiclonal analysis, we sampled 39 hemigenomes from a laboratory-adapted population of D. melanogaster. We measured the contribution of each hemigenome to adult male and female fitness at three different intensities of IeSC, obtained by varying the operational sex-ratio. Subsequently, we estimated the intensity of IaSC at each sex-ratio by calculating the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness and the proportion of sexually antagonistic fitness-variation. Our results indicate a statistically non-significant trend suggesting that increasing the strength of IeSC ameliorates IaSC in the population.

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