Joint Decisions in Residential Choice

<p>Economic agents frequently make joint decisions, which often require a compromise by some or all of the participants. We propose an econometric model in which groups of agents make a joint decision; each agent has preferences modelled using a combination of multi-nominal logit and conditional logit parts. We combine these marginal preferences to create a joint set of probabilities of the group making a particular choice, which enables parameter estimation by maximum likelihood. We can also make the weight applied to an individual agents preferences depend on characteristics of the agent or group. To demonstrate the use of the model, data is obtained from the New Zealand Household Travel Survey. We estimate our model to show how households might make the joint decision of where to live, given that different household members have different work locations.</p>

Joint Decisions in Residential Choice

<p>Economic agents frequently make joint decisions, which often require a compromise by some or all of the participants. We propose an econometric model in which groups of agents make a joint decision; each agent has preferences modelled using a combination of multi-nominal logit and conditional logit parts. We combine these marginal preferences to create a joint set of probabilities of the group making a particular choice, which enables parameter estimation by maximum likelihood. We can also make the weight applied to an individual agents preferences depend on characteristics of the agent or group. To demonstrate the use of the model, data is obtained from the New Zealand Household Travel Survey. We estimate our model to show how households might make the joint decision of where to live, given that different household members have different work locations.</p>

How to operate physical showrooms: Service decision and pricing based on product quality

This paper addresses operation strategies of the physical showroom under e-commerce, and studies joint decisions of the showroom service and pricing based on product quality. First, we propose an analytical model to capture the feature of consumer purchase behaviors and model three operation strategies of the physical showroom: the cooperation operation (CO), the manufacturer operation (MO), and the e-retailer operation (RO). Then, the equilibrium solutions in the above three strategies are obtained based on product quality, and the optimal operation strategy is analyzed. Besides, we extend the model to the scenario of endogenous product quality. The results are as follows. First, in contrast to the conventional wisdom, we find that the optimal showroom service may decrease with product quality when the production cost coefficient is high. Second, the results illustrate that enterprises should consider both product quality and production cost before opening physical showrooms. When the production cost coefficient is low, both the MO strategy and the RO strategy are better than the CO strategy, which means that the enterprise should open the physical showroom separately than jointly. However, when the production cost coefficient is high, the CO strategy provides the optimal showroom service. The enterprises in the supply chain should cooperate to balance costs and benefits. Besides, when product quality is endogenous, our analysis reveals that the RO strategy may offer better product quality than the CO strategy when the production cost coefficient is moderate.

Co-designing new tools for collecting, analysing and presenting patient experience data in NHS services: working in partnership with patients and carers

Background The way we collect and use patient experience data is vital to optimise the quality and safety of health services. Yet, some patients and carers do not give feedback because of the limited ways data is collected, analysed and presented. In this study, we worked together with researchers, staff, patient and carer participants, and patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) contributors, to co-design new tools for the collection and use of patient experience data in multiple health settings. This paper outlines how the range of PPIE and research activities enabled the co-design of new tools to collect patient experience data. Methods Eight public contributors represented a range of relevant patient and carer experiences in specialist services with varied levels of PPIE experience, and eleven members of Patient and Participation Groups (PPGs) from two general practices formed our PPIE group at the start of the study. Slide sets were used to trigger co-design discussions with staff, patient and carer research participants, and PPIE contributors. Feedback from PPIE contributors alongside verbatim quotes from staff, patient and carer research participants is presented in relation to the themes from the research data. Results PPIE insights from four themes: capturing experience data; adopting digital or non-digital tools; ensuring privacy and confidentiality; and co-design of a suite of new tools with guidance, informed joint decisions on the shaping of the tools and how these were implemented. Our PPIE contributors took different roles during co-design and testing of the new tools, which supported co-production of the study. Conclusions Our experiences of developing multiple components of PPIE work for this complex study demonstrates the importance of tailoring PPIE to suit different settings, and to maximise individual strengths and capacity. Our study shows the value of bringing diverse experiences together, putting patients and carers at the heart of improving NHS services, and a shared approach to managing involvement in co-design, with the effects shown through the research process, outcomes and the partnership. We reflect on how we worked together to create a supportive environment when unforeseen challenges emerged (such as, sudden bereavement).

252. Joint Decisions: Optimal Duration of Chronic Suppressive Antibiotics in Adults with Prosthetic Joint Infections Who Underwent Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation, and Retention of Prostheses

Background Hip and knee arthroplasties are associated with complications including prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Management ranges from explantation to debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and retention of prostheses (DAIR). In DAIR, patients receive intravenous antibiotics followed by chronic suppressive antibiotics. Current guidelines on suppressive antibiotic use after DAIR are unclear and based on expert consensus. This study seeks to elucidate the optimal duration of chronic suppressive antibiotics after DAIR. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of adults in the Southern California Kaiser Permanente System with hip and knee prosthetic joint infections who underwent DAIR from 2007-2017. Culture data and durations of suppressive antibiotics were collected and patients were followed for 1 year after completion. Treatment failure was determined by mortality, re-infection, or prosthesis removal. Patients who received no antibiotics vs. less than 3 months vs 3 to 6 months vs greater than 1 year were compared. Results 350 charts were reviewed and 145 patients were included. There were 87 knee and 58 hip PJIs with 32 patients (22%) who failed treatment. There were more cases of failure when patients didn’t receive suppressive antibiotics (27%) vs those who received any (19%), however the results were not significant. There were no significant differences in failure rates between short vs longer suppressive antibiotic courses regardless of the duration (Staph vs non-Staph, hip vs knee). Patients with Staphyloccocal infections and knee infections were significantly more likely to fail treatment (p=0.0196 & 0.0150, logistic regression). Conclusion This study shows the importance of suppression with oral antibiotics after PJIs are treated with DAIR. The lack of difference in treatment failure between the durations of suppressive antibiotics makes it prudent to consider shorter courses of antibiotics, while placing attention on patients with knee and Staphylococcal infections as they are more likely to fail treatment. Limitations include sample size, difficulty in quantifying extent of initial infection and debridement, and provider dependent prolonging of antibiotic duration. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Penerapan Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat Pilar Ke 1

Introduction: The high level of morbidity and mortality due to environmental disease is a public health problem in Indonesia. One of the causes is the behavior of open defecation. Depok Village RT 03 RW 1 is3 an area that still often defecates openly, which is as much as 11.9%. One of the government's in-depth solutions to this problem is through the triggering method. Methods: This research is a research with a qualitative approach with a case study approach. The sampling technique or the determination of informants used in this research is snowball sampling. Data collection is done by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in this study used the Miles and Huberman technique. Results: The results of this study indicate that community participation in the STBM program, the first pillar of the community in Depok Village RT 05 RW 13, the community has participated both in community participation in receiving information, discussing and making decisions, and community participation in obtaining authority to manage resources and make decisions. Conclusion: It is hoped that the community will continue to improve the behavior of stopping open defecation and success or the achievement of a program cannot be separated from the participation of the community alone. Discussion: Analyzing community participation in receiving information, discussing, making joint decisions between the community and outsiders, and community participation in obtaining the authority to manage resources and make decisions about the STBM program. Pancoran Mas Health Center, Depok City.

Old Facts, New Beginnings: Thinking with Arendt about Algorithmic Decision-Making

More and more decisions in our societies are made by algorithms. What are such decisions like, and how do they compare to human decision-making? I contrast central features of algorithmic decision-making with three key elements—plurality, natality, and judgment—of Hannah Arendt's political thought. In “Arendtian practices,” human beings come together as equals, exchange arguments, and make joint decisions, sometimes bringing something new into the world. With algorithmic decision-making taking over more and more areas of life, opportunities for “Arendtian practices” are under threat. Moreover, there is the danger that algorithms are tasked with decisions for which they are ill-suited. Analyzing the contrast with Arendt's thinking can be a starting point for delineating realms in which algorithmic decision-making should or should not be welcomed.

Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dan Borda untuk Seleksi Penerima Pembebasan Operasional Sekolah

<p class="Abstrak">SMA N 1 Kutasari adalah salah satu sekolah yang turut memberikan upaya dalam membantu siswa untuk terus bersekolah dengan memberikan pembebasan biaya operasional sekolah. Keputusan penerima pembebasan operasional melibatkan banyak pihak sehingga menyebabkan permasalahan berupa kurang subjektif dalam penilaian dan kurang tepatnya sasaran penerima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun <em>Decision Support System </em>penerima pembebasan operasional untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada dalam proses seleksi. Proses perhitungan yang digunakan dalam<em> Decision Support System </em>ini adalah kombinasi antara metode <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process </em>untuk mengambil keputusan dengan memberikan prioritas yang efektif atas persoalan yang kompleks dan <em>Borda </em>yang mampu menyatukan beberapa keputusan menjadi keputusan bersama<em>. </em>Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, wawancara dan dokumentasi, sedangkan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem pendukung keputusan kelompok dengan kriteria penilaian dari waka kesiswaan, wali kelas dan guru BK. Dari masing-masing kriteria juga terdapat subkriteria. Metode <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process </em>(AHP) digunakan untuk proses perhitungan dari pembuatan matriks sampai dengan perankingan sedangkan metode borda digunakan untuk menghitung hasil akhir rata-rata penilaian dari masing-masing kriteria. Perhitungan difokuskan pada kelas X dan diambil 10 nama siswa dengan score penilaian tertinggi.</p><p class="Abstrak" align="center"> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>SMA N 1 Kutasari is one of the schools that helped give an effort to help students to continue going to school by giving school operational costs free. Decision recipients of operational exemptions involve many parties so that the assessment is less subjective as a result there are students who can afford financially but receive operational exemptions. With the condition of the recipient of the exemption of operational costs that are not right will give problems to the school because there are still students who are supposed to get exemption from school operational costs so that it continues to burden SMAN 1 Kutasari. To reduce or eliminate inappropriate decisions, a decision support system is needed. The existence of a Decision Support System for operational exemption recipients aims to overcome the problems that exist in the selection process. Stages of research conducted include data collection, problem identification, AHP Method Calculation and Borda Method Calculation. Calculation Results Analytical Hierarchy Process method for making decisions by giving effective priority to complex problems and Borda which is able to unite several decisions into joint decisions. From this study produced a decision support system so that it can reduce the problem of decision making that is not appropriate in accordance with the criteria of recipients of operational exemption from schools.</em></p>